A Possible Protective Effect of Nut Consumption on Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

Fraser, Gary E.

doi:10.1001/archinte.1992.00400190054010

Cited by 489 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Four large prospective studies have reported consistent inverse associations between nut consumption and fatal CHD or sudden cardiac death [23]–[26]. In the Adventist Health Study, subjects who consumed nuts >5 times per week had a 48% reduced risk of fatal CHD [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of nut consumption and mortality risk in the PREDIMED nutrition intervention trial

Guasch‐Ferré

Bulló

Martínez‐González

et al. 2013

BMC Med

145

148

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BackgroundProspective studies in non-Mediterranean populations have consistently related increasing nut consumption to lower coronary heart disease mortality. A small protective effect on all-cause and cancer mortality has also been suggested. To examine the association between frequency of nut consumption and mortality in individuals at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a Mediterranean country with a relatively high average nut intake per person.MethodsWe evaluated 7,216 men and women aged 55 to 80 years randomized to 1 of 3 interventions (Mediterranean diets supplemented with nuts or olive oil and control diet) in the PREDIMED (‘PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea’) study. Nut consumption was assessed at baseline and mortality was ascertained by medical records and linkage to the National Death Index. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression and multivariable analyses with generalized estimating equation models were used to assess the association between yearly repeated measurements of nut consumption and mortality.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 4.8 years, 323 total deaths, 81 cardiovascular deaths and 130 cancer deaths occurred. Nut consumption was associated with a significantly reduced risk of all-cause mortality (P for trend <0.05, all). Compared to non-consumers, subjects consuming nuts >3 servings/week (32% of the cohort) had a 39% lower mortality risk (hazard ratio (HR) 0.61; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.83). A similar protective effect against cardiovascular and cancer mortality was observed. Participants allocated to the Mediterranean diet with nuts group who consumed nuts >3 servings/week at baseline had the lowest total mortality risk (HR 0.37; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.66).ConclusionsIncreased frequency of nut consumption was associated with a significantly reduced risk of mortality in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.Please see related commentary: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/165.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov. International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 35739639. Registration date: 5 October 2005.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of nut consumption and mortality risk in the PREDIMED nutrition intervention trial

Guasch‐Ferré

Bulló

Martínez‐González

et al. 2013

BMC Med

145

148

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“…Four prospective studies conducted in the US have reported a beneficial effect of nut consumption on CHD incidence after follow-up ranging from six to 18 years of large cohorts of previously healthy subjects [1,41,42,43]. A pooled analysis of these studies shows that subjects in the highest intake group for nut consumption had a 37% reduction in multivariable-adjusted risk of fatal CHD [15].…”

Section: Epidemiological Studies Of Nut Consumption and Health Outmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It must be underlined that in all these studies [1,41,42,43,44] the protective effect of nut consumption on total CHD or sudden cardiac death was independent of gender, age, body mass index, alcohol use, other nutritional characteristics or presence of cardiovascular risk factors. The dose-relationship between nut intake and incident CHD translates into an average 8.3 reduction for each weekly serving of nuts [15].…”

Section: Epidemiological Studies Of Nut Consumption and Health Outmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, the epidemiological studies that related the frequency of nut consumption with a reduction of incident CHD [1,39,40,41] or diabetes [46] showed a neutral or even inverse association between nut intake and BMI. Recent reports from two large prospective cohorts [131,132] and a cross-sectional study [133] support these findings.…”

Section: Safety Of Nut Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extensive research has been carried out on nuts and health outcomes during the last two decades since publication of a report from the pioneering Adventist Health Study showing an association of nut consumption with a lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in 1992 [1], shortly followed by the seminal clinical trial of Sabaté et al [2] demonstrating that a diet enriched with walnuts reduced serum cholesterol levels compared to a standard healthy diet. The interested reader will find complete information regarding research published up to 2005 on nuts and health outcomes in a recent monograph [3] and up to 2007 in the proceedings of a Symposium on Nuts and Health held at the U.S. Department of Agriculture Research Laboratory in the University of California at Davis [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health Benefits of Nut Consumption

2010

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Nuts (tree nuts and peanuts) are nutrient dense foods with complex matrices rich in unsaturated fatty and other bioactive compounds: high-quality vegetable protein, fiber, minerals, tocopherols, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds. By virtue of their unique composition, nuts are likely to beneficially impact health outcomes. Epidemiologic studies have associated nut consumption with a reduced incidence of coronary heart disease and gallstones in both genders and diabetes in women. Limited evidence also suggests beneficial effects on hypertension, cancer, and inflammation. Interventional studies consistently show that nut intake has a cholesterol-lowering effect, even in the context of healthy diets, and there is emerging evidence of beneficial effects on oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular reactivity. Blood pressure, visceral adiposity and the metabolic syndrome also appear to be positively influenced by nut consumption. Thus it is clear that nuts have a beneficial impact on many cardiovascular risk factors. Contrary to expectations, epidemiologic studies and clinical trials suggest that regular nut consumption is unlikely to contribute to obesity and may even help in weight loss. Safety concerns are limited to the infrequent occurrence of nut allergy in children. In conclusion, nuts are nutrient rich foods with wide-ranging cardiovascular and metabolic benefits, which can be readily incorporated into healthy diets.

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