Serum Lipid Effects of a High–Monounsaturated Fat Diet Based on Macadamia Nuts

Curb, J. David; Wergowske, Gilbert L.; Dobbs, Joan C.; Abbott, Robert D.; Huang, Bin

doi:10.1001/archinte.160.8.1154

Cited by 148 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…[69] Similarly, It was observed that 4 weeks macadamia oil supplementation reduced total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and increased HDL cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic men (n = 17), at the same time palmitoleic (C16:1n-7), vaccenic (18:1n-7), and eicoseinoic (C20:1n-9) acid levels were enhanced. [70] It is important to mention that, although macadamia oil or a macadamia-rich diet has been observed to be an efficient nonpharmacological treatment of hypercholesterolemia, [69][70][71][72] the effects have been attributed to palmitoleic acid rather than other fatty acid components. A randomized, crossover, controlled feeding study that compared the fatty acid content and effects of a macadamia-rich diet and an average American diet observed that while palmitoleic acid amounts increased six times with the macadamiarich diet, the other MUFAs were very similar between the diets.…”

Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Palmitoleic acid versus oleic acid diet-palmitoleic acid diet: ↑ total cholesterol, ↑ LDL cholesterol, ↓ HDL cholesterol [71] Subjects (n = 30, aged 18-53) fed with three diets for 30 d in a random order: a "typical American" diet (12% MUFA); an American Heart Association Step 1 diet (15% MUFA); or a macadamia nut-based monounsaturated fat diet (20% MUFA) (randomized crossover trial)…”

Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Is Palmitoleic Acid a Plausible Nonpharmacological Strategy to Prevent or Control Chronic Metabolic and Inflammatory Disorders?

Souza

Vannice²,

Neto

et al. 2017

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Although dietary fatty acids can modulate metabolic and immune responses, the effects of palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) remain unclear. Since this monounsaturated fatty acid is described as a lipokine, studies with cell culture and rodent models have suggested it enhances whole body insulin sensitivity, stimulates insulin secretion by β cells, increases hepatic fatty acid oxidation, improves the blood lipid profile, and alters macrophage differentiation. However, human studies report elevated blood levels of palmitoleic acid in people with obesity and metabolic syndrome. These findings might be reflection of the level or activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, which synthesizes palmitoleate and is enhanced in liver and adipose tissue of obese patients. The aim of this review is to describe the immune-metabolic effects of palmitoleic acid observed in cell culture, animal models, and humans to answer the question of whether palmitoleic acid is a plausible nonpharmacological strategy to prevent, control, or ameliorate chronic metabolic and inflammatory disorders. Despite the beneficial effects observed in cell culture and in animal studies, there are insufficient human intervention studies to fully understand the physiological effects of palmitoleic acid. Therefore, more human-based research is needed to identify whether palmitoleic acid meets the promising therapeutic potential suggested by the preclinical research.

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Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Is Palmitoleic Acid a Plausible Nonpharmacological Strategy to Prevent or Control Chronic Metabolic and Inflammatory Disorders?

Souza

Vannice²,

Neto

et al. 2017

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…iet and lifestyle modifications have long been advocated to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (1), which is one of the main causes of death worldwide (2). Dietary fatty acids of varying chain length and degree of saturation differentially alter plasma lipoprotein profiles and the subsequent risk of developing CVD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Could a high-fat diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids impair the cardiovascular system?

Medei¹,

Lima-Leopoldo²,

Pereira-Junior³

et al. 2010

Canadian Journal of Cardiology

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] However, their use is not yet part of standard advice for patients with hyperlipidemia, 12,13 despite recognized health benefits for the general population. 13 There is also concern that high-fat foods may cause weight gain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose Response of Almonds on Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors: Blood Lipids, Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins, Lipoprotein(a), Homocysteine, and Pulmonary Nitric Oxide

et al. 2002

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Background-Although recent studies have indicated that nut consumption may improve levels of blood lipids, nuts are not generally recommended as snacks for hyperlipidemic subjects because of their high fat content. Furthermore, the effective dose is still unknown. Methods and Results-The dose-response effects of whole almonds, taken as snacks, were compared with low-saturated fat (Ͻ5% energy) whole-wheat muffins (control) in the therapeutic diets of hyperlipidemic subjects. In a randomized crossover study, 27 hyperlipidemic men and women consumed 3 isoenergetic (mean 423 kcal/d) supplements each for 1 month. Supplements provided 22.2% of energy and consisted of full-dose almonds (73Ϯ3 g/d), half-dose almonds plus half-dose muffins, and full-dose muffins. Fasting blood, expired air, blood pressure, and body weight measurements were obtained at weeks 0, 2, and 4. Mean body weights differed Ͻ300 g between treatments. The full-dose almonds produced the greatest reduction in levels of blood lipids. Significant reductions from baseline were seen on both halfand full-dose almonds for LDL cholesterol (4.4Ϯ1.7%, Pϭ0.018, and 9.4Ϯ1.9%, PϽ0.001, respectively) and LDL:HDL cholesterol (7.8Ϯ2.2%, Pϭ0.001, and 12.0Ϯ2.1%, PϽ0.001, respectively) and on full-dose almonds alone for lipoprotein(a) (7.8Ϯ3.5%, Pϭ0.034) and oxidized LDL concentrations (14.0Ϯ3.8%, PϽ0.001), with no significant reductions on the control diet. No difference was seen in pulmonary nitric oxide between treatments. Conclusions-Almonds used as snacks in the diets of hyperlipidemic subjects significantly reduce coronary heart disease risk factors, probably in part because of the nonfat (protein and fiber) and monounsaturated fatty acid components of the nut.

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Serum Lipid Effects of a High–Monounsaturated Fat Diet Based on Macadamia Nuts

Abstract: Background: Recent studies have identified potential beneficial effects of eating nuts, most of which have substantial amounts of monounsaturated fats. Macadamia nuts are 75% fat by weight, 80% of which is monounsaturated.

Cited by 148 publications

References 22 publications

Is Palmitoleic Acid a Plausible Nonpharmacological Strategy to Prevent or Control Chronic Metabolic and Inflammatory Disorders?

Is Palmitoleic Acid a Plausible Nonpharmacological Strategy to Prevent or Control Chronic Metabolic and Inflammatory Disorders?

Could a high-fat diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids impair the cardiovascular system?

Dose Response of Almonds on Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors: Blood Lipids, Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins, Lipoprotein(a), Homocysteine, and Pulmonary Nitric Oxide

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