A polymer monolith incorporating stellate mesoporous silica nanospheres for use in capillary electrochromatography and solid phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organic small molecules

Abstract

An inorganic-organic hybrid monolith incorporated with stellated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (SMSNs) was prepared. Using binary solvents, deep eutectic solvents and room temperature ionic liquids, an SMSN-incorporated poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith demonstrated uniform structure with good column permeability. A systematic investigation of preparation parameter was performed, including SMSN content, crosslinking monomer content, and the component of binary solvent. The optimized monoliths were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, area scanning energy dispersive spectrometry, and nitrogen adsorption. Column performance was tested by separating four groups of analytes (alkylbenzenes, anilines, naphthalenes and phenols) by capillary electrochromatography (CEC). Baseline separation of all analytes was obtained with column efficiencies of up to 266,000 plates m. The performance of the resulting monolith was further investigated in detail by separating mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and hydroxybenzoic acid isomers. Compared with the corresponding SMSN-free monolith, the CEC performance was improved by about six times. Successful extraction of PAHs and quinolones (QNs) were also performed using this capillary. Improved extraction efficiency (20.2%) for complex samples, lake water, was also found when the material was applied to solid phase microextraction of fluoranthene. Graphical abstract A poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith incorporated with stellated mesoporous silica nanoparticles was prepared. It demonstrated column efficiency up to 266,000 plates m in capillary electrochromatography and ability as solid phase microextraction for organic small molecules with good column permeability.

Polymer Science and Engineering Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

“…Following this new development, Wang et al and Mendonça et al published the first studies on the use of different DES as ligand [77], as 100% solvent for SARA ATPR [78] or both [77]. Other studies also reported the use of DES as solvent medium for polymer synthesis [46,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90]. In particular, the communication of Park and Lee on the polymerization of 3-octylthiophene in DES presented interesting features regarding the use of DES as a solvent in polymerization.…”

Recent developments of monolithic and open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography (2017–2019)

“…Ionic liquids (ILs) are the organic salts consisted of large asymmetric organic cations and inorganic or organic anions . Because IL could be custom‐made with different functions to meet various requirements and its superior properties such as thermal and chemical stability and good solvent performance , it has been widely used in CEC.…”

Role of Ionic Liquids in Composites in Analytical Sample Preparation

“…Therefore, it is necessary to reduce their hydrophobicity to improve the analytical performance in aqueous media. In this sense, hydrophilic ILs have attracted significant attention as functional monomer to prepare MIPILs [67][68][69][124][125][126], and as porogen agents to improve the characteristics of the MIPs [66,[127][128][129].…”

“…MIPIL-based sorbents have been mainly used for the selective determination of antibiotics [68,69,124], drugs [125], herbicides [126], phenolic acids [67], and phthalate esters [66], among others [127][128][129]; and in different matrixes, such as water [68,69,124,129], soils [68,69,124], and food and drinks [66,67,126].…”