Ionic liquids (ILs) are a group of non-conventional salts with melting points below 100 °C. Apart from their negligible vapor pressure at room temperature, high thermal stability, and impressive solvation properties, ILs are characterized by their tunability. Given such nearly infinite combinations of cations and anions, and the easy modification of their structures, ILs with specific properties can be synthesized. These characteristics have attracted attention regarding their use as extraction phases in analytical sample preparation methods, particularly in liquid-phase extraction methods. Given the liquid nature of most common ILs, their incorporation in analytical sample preparation methods using solid sorbents requires the preparation of solid derivatives, such as polymeric ILs, or the combination of ILs with other materials to prepare solid IL-based composites. In this sense, many solid composites based on ILs have been prepared with improved features, including magnetic particles, carbonaceous materials, polymers, silica materials, and metal-organic frameworks, as additional materials forming the composites. This review aims to give an overview on the preparation and applications of IL-based composites in analytical sample preparation in the period 2017–2020, paying attention to the role of the IL material in those composites to understand the effect of the individual components in the sorbent.

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A method for isolation of volatile compounds from samples of stem wood by solid-phase microextraction was developed. The extraction method was optimized using a central composite design approach. Extraction temperature and extraction time were optimized in the ranges of 40°C to 120°C and 10 to 90 minutes, respectively. Final extraction method was combined with GC-MS for separation and identification of volatile components of wood samples of seven tree species, commonly occurring in Central Europe. All of them were deciduous (acacia, alder, beech, elm, larch, maple, and oak). In total 185 organic compounds were identified in volatile profiles of all the samples by the developed method. To facilitate the evaluation of the suitability of the proposed method for extraction of different compound types, all identified compounds were categorized into 16 groups. Percentage of compound groups in volatile profiles of individual wood samples shows that the developed method is suitable for evaluation of a wide range of volatile components from stem wood.