Polymer Science and Engineering Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

Roda, Ana; Matias, Ana A.; Paiva, Alexandre; Duarte, Ana Rita C.

doi:10.3390/polym11050912

Cited by 91 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…Starting with the pioneering works of Abbott and his group, a new kind of two- or more-component solvents has emerged, named deep eutectic solvents (DESs) [1,2]. It has been documented by several research teams that DESs can be considered as green solvents [3,4,5,6,7,8]. The components of DESs are usually organic compounds frequently produced by biotechnological processes.…”

Section: Deep Eutectic Solvents In Polymer Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Polymer Chemistry–A Review

2019

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This review deals with two overlapping issues, namely polymer chemistry and deep eutectic solvents (DESs). With regard to polymers, specific aspects of synthetic polymers, polymerization processes producing such polymers, and natural cellulose-based nanopolymers are evaluated. As for DESs, their compliance with green chemistry requirements, their basic properties and involvement in polymer chemistry are discussed. In addition to reviewing the state-of-the-art for selected kinds of polymers, the paper reveals further possibilities in the employment of DESs in polymer chemistry. As an example, the significance of DES polarity and polymer polarity to control polymerization processes, modify polymer properties, and synthesize polymers with a specific structure and behavior, is emphasized.

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Section: Deep Eutectic Solvents In Polymer Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Polymer Chemistry–A Review

2019

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“…However, DESs are usually less toxic, easier to prepare, and less expensive than ILs. These advantages have led to the recent increase in applications of DESs, for example, as solvents in diverse separation methods [4][5][6][7][8], media for chemical [9][10][11][12][13][14], electrochemical [15][16][17][18][19], and biological reactions [20,21], in polymer chemistry [22][23][24], and for increasing the solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients [25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Deep Eutectic Systems: A Simple Approach for Preselecting Eutectic Mixture Constituents

2020

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Eutectic systems offer a wide range of new (green) designer solvents for diverse applications. However, due to the large pool of possible compounds, selecting compounds that form eutectic systems is not straightforward. In this study, a simple approach for preselecting possible candidates from a pool of substances sharing the same chemical functionality was presented. First, the melting entropy of single compounds was correlated with their molecular structure to calculate their melting enthalpy. Subsequently, the eutectic temperature of the screened binary systems was qualitatively predicted, and the systems were ordered according to the depth of the eutectic temperature. The approach was demonstrated for six hydrophobic eutectic systems composed of L-menthol and monocarboxylic acids with linear and cyclic structures. It was found that the melting entropy of compounds sharing the same functionality could be well correlated with their molecular structures. As a result, when the two acids had a similar melting temperature, the melting enthalpy of a rigid acid was found to be lower than that of a flexible acid. It was demonstrated that compounds with more rigid molecular structures could form deeper eutectics. The proposed approach could decrease the experimental efforts required to design deep eutectic solvents, particularly when the melting enthalpy of pure components is not available.

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“…Both of these solvents have a low vapour pressure, rendering them inflammable, and are chemically inert, reusable, and stable. However, IL are more expensive and toxic in comparison to the biologically degradable NADES, which are assembled of primary plant metabolites (amino acids, sugars, and carboxylic acids) occurring in the tissue of living organisms [126][127][128][129]. Interestingly enough, ILs can solubilise polysaccharides into a hydrogel-like amorphous substance without decreasing the DP, therefore increasing the amount of enzyme binding sites presented and overall conversion rate up to 90-fold as shown for cellulose [130].…”

Section: Physical Pretreatment Methods and Cos Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Modification of Native Chitin and Conversion to Specialty Chemical Products

Arnold

Brück²,

Garbe

et al. 2020

Marine Drugs

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Chitin is one of the most abundant biomolecules on earth, occurring in crustacean shells and cell walls of fungi. While the polysaccharide is threatening to pollute coastal ecosystems in the form of accumulating shell-waste, it has the potential to be converted into highly profitable derivatives with applications in medicine, biotechnology, and wastewater treatment, among others. Traditionally this is still mostly done by the employment of aggressive chemicals, yielding low quality while producing toxic by-products. In the last decades, the enzymatic conversion of chitin has been on the rise, albeit still not on the same level of cost-effectiveness compared to the traditional methods due to its multi-step character. Another severe drawback of the biotechnological approach is the highly ordered structure of chitin, which renders it nigh impossible for most glycosidic hydrolases to act upon. So far, only the Auxiliary Activity 10 family (AA10), including lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), is known to hydrolyse native recalcitrant chitin, which spares the expensive first step of chemical or mechanical pre-treatment to enlarge the substrate surface. The main advantages of enzymatic conversion of chitin over conventional chemical methods are the biocompability and, more strikingly, the higher product specificity, product quality, and yield of the process. Products with a higher Mw due to no unspecific depolymerisation besides an exactly defined degree and pattern of acetylation can be yielded. This provides a new toolset of thousands of new chitin and chitosan derivatives, as the physio-chemical properties can be modified according to the desired application. This review aims to provide an overview of the biotechnological tools currently at hand, as well as challenges and crucial steps to achieve the long-term goal of enzymatic conversion of native chitin into specialty chemical products.

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Polymer Science and Engineering Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

Cited by 91 publications

References 130 publications

Use of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Polymer Chemistry–A Review

Use of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Polymer Chemistry–A Review

Design of Deep Eutectic Systems: A Simple Approach for Preselecting Eutectic Mixture Constituents

Enzymatic Modification of Native Chitin and Conversion to Specialty Chemical Products

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