A politicidade do cuidado na crítica aos estereótipos de gênero

Abstract

Objectives: analyze gender inequalities among Brazilian women in Portugal and in contemporary nursing based on care politicity in the light of gender; disclose oppression of the female produced by the stereotypes that look upon women as natural caregivers; point out politicity to deconstruct gender stereotypes. Method: theoretical refl ection with narrative review of literature to analyze classic references in the feminist epistemology combined with the care politicity thesis. Results: the similarities between the stereotypes of the Brazilian Eves and the Portuguese Maries as either the sexualized or sanctifi ed nurse are inserted in the Jewish-Christian moral genealogy that reaffi rms the subservience of the female to the male. Conclusion: by attaching priority to care that needs non-care to expand the possibilities of care giving, the theoretical assumption of politicy of care can contribute to subvert the stereotypical images of Brazilian women in Portuguese lands and in contemporary nursing. Descriptors: Gender; Nursing; Violence against women; Feminism; Epistemology. RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as desigualdades de gênero entre mulheres brasileiras em Portugal e na enfermagem moderna, a partir da politicidade do cuidado na perspectiva do gênero; explicitar a opressão sobre o feminino reproduzida pelos estereótipos que essencializam a mulher como cuidadora natural; apontar politicidades para a desconstrução dos estereótipos de gênero. Método: refl exão teórica com revisão narrativa de literatura com o propósito de analisar as referências clássicas da epistemologia feminista na articulação com a tese da politicidade do cuidado. Resultados: as similitudes entre os estereótipos das Evasbrasileiras e das Marias-portuguesas com a enfermeira sexualizada ou santifi cada se inscrevem na genealogia da moral judaicocristã que reitera a subserviência do feminino ao masculino. Conclusão: ao priorizar um cuidado que precisa do descuidado para ampliar as possibilidades cuidativas, a premissa teórica da politicidade do cuidado pode contribuir para subverter as imagens essencializadas das brasileiras em solo lusitano e na enfermagem contemporânea. Descritores: Gênero; Enfermagem; Violência Contra as Mulheres; Feminismo; Epistemologia. RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar desigualdades de género entre mujeres brasileñas en Portugal y en enfermería moderna, partiendo de la politicidad del cuidado en la perspectiva del género; explicitar la opresión sobre el género femenino reproducida por los estereotipos que esencializan a la mujer como cuidadora natural; sugerir politicidades para deconstruir estereotipos de género. Método: refl exión teórica con revisión narrativa de literatura, a fi n de analizar las referencias clásicas de la epistemología feminista en articulación con la tesis de politicidad del cuidado. Resultados: las similitudes entre los estereotipos de Evas-brasileñas y Marías-portuguesas con la enfermera sexualizada o santifi cada reproducen la moral judaico-cristiana que replica la sumisión de lo femenino a lo masc...

The care by obstetric nurses: the encounter between self care bodies and other woman who is cared for

“…25 Still considering the empirical data, especially the consideration of comprehensiveness as a good guide for the quality of care and speeches that mark a concern with the social position occupied by women in society, there is also the potential of democratic obstetric care and politicians, drivers of critical individuals, as a practice that allows new possibilities of the existence of the being cared for and of the caregiver. 14 However, taking a critical look at the speeches, it is pointed out that, although there is a consideration of the obstetric nurses precaution so as not to influence too much on the women's behavior, the participants concern about having lived similar situations of those women, as well as allowing or denying certain experiences, leads one to believe that the discursive practices tend to produce gestures and truths in women, but one must be careful to identify ways to avoid the effects of domination. 26 The indication by the participants of an ideal obstetric nurse profile may be related to their interest in identities, even the identity of an obstetric nurse.…”

“…In such a way, the political potential of care can be seen, capable of facing gender inequalities (of women) and even in the profession. 14 Thus, the study aims to analyze the speeches of obstetric nurses on self-care and on decisions about their life and body, as well as the relation with the care intended for other women.…”

Black women in nursing history: the cultural competence in Maria Barbosa Fernandes´ trajectory

“…Pires, Fonseca, and Padilla (2016) made a reflection on gender stereotypes in the nursing profession based on the analysis of inequalities experienced by Brazilian women in Portugal and, in turn, by Brazilian nursing. The Judeo-Christian culture, which dichotomizes the variables fragile or strong, victim or guilty and holy or sinful, sees the Brazilian woman as a mulata, sensual, exotic, and sexual; in contrast to the Portuguese woman, associated with whiteness and images of sanctity and purity (16) .…”

“…Similar to the insertion of Brazilian women in Portugal, the entry of black women into the nursing profession -under the influence of Christian morality -was considered undesirable. That is because the Nightingale model expected white, sanctified, pure representations associated with benevolence, charity, and nobility of nursing, and black women were hypersexualized, considered sinners, source of danger, of contagion of diseases, ignorant, degenerate and undisciplined (15)(16) .…”

Construção da imagem profissional no Ceará: a enfermeira diante das modificações no cenário histórico profissional

“…A enfermagem é traduzida por visões em dualidade, sobretudo pelo estereótipo feminino, cristalizando sua imagem como profissão subserviente. A enfermeira é demonstrada como imagem que permeia o imaginário em relação à profissão, desde sua origem até os dias atuais 9 . Para as vozes que narram as transformações, é imprescindível desmistificar essa imagem de "sujeito sem espaço", pois as enfermeiras são profissionais éticas, comprometidas, competentes, responsáveis, mas com deveres e direitos.…”