Abstract:Abstract-This paper proposes a new optimized multichannel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) configuration, based on receiving antennas with non-uniformly displaced phase centers, intended for ground moving target indication (GMTI) applications over maritime scenarios. This system is compared with current SAR missions, such as TerraSAR-X (TSX) or TanDEM-X (TDX). The GMTI capabilities of the different configurations are analyzed in a two-level performance approach. First, an intensive numerical simulation evaluatio… Show more
“…With the available raw data, we can easily focus the moving target by using the relationship (8). Hence, the raw data is first transformed to the frequency domain by a 2-D Fourier transform.…”
Section: B Focusing With the Original Approachmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The wave number k x is now defined by where γ = 0.9553 in this case. The change of variable from ω to k ρ relies on the relationship (8). The data after the interpolation is scaled with the factor and multiplied with the exponential term given in (10).…”
Section: B Focusing With the Original Approachmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A simulated ground moving target has been used to illustrate the proposal. A similar approach is introduced recently in [8], [9] where the data has been adaptively refocused using the matched filter bank approach jointly with Range Doppler.…”
Abstract-The paper presents the moving target focusing method which allows focusing moving targets in complex SAR images without raw data. The method is developed on the range migration algorithm where focusing moving target is an interpolation step in the wave domain. The simulated results are provided in the paper to illustrate the proposed method whereas the experimental results show its practicality. The method can be flexibly applied from small area to the whole SAR scene.
“…With the available raw data, we can easily focus the moving target by using the relationship (8). Hence, the raw data is first transformed to the frequency domain by a 2-D Fourier transform.…”
Section: B Focusing With the Original Approachmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The wave number k x is now defined by where γ = 0.9553 in this case. The change of variable from ω to k ρ relies on the relationship (8). The data after the interpolation is scaled with the factor and multiplied with the exponential term given in (10).…”
Section: B Focusing With the Original Approachmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A simulated ground moving target has been used to illustrate the proposal. A similar approach is introduced recently in [8], [9] where the data has been adaptively refocused using the matched filter bank approach jointly with Range Doppler.…”
Abstract-The paper presents the moving target focusing method which allows focusing moving targets in complex SAR images without raw data. The method is developed on the range migration algorithm where focusing moving target is an interpolation step in the wave domain. The simulated results are provided in the paper to illustrate the proposed method whereas the experimental results show its practicality. The method can be flexibly applied from small area to the whole SAR scene.
“…In coastal areas, even for a maritime surveillance system, the classical SAR and GMTI modes are very useful for imaging the infrastructures along the coastlines and within harbors. Moreover, the applicability of SAR-GMTI techniques to maritime scenarios was recently demonstrated in [14]. The SmartRadar pod system has several advantages with regard to implementing such different radar mode types, especially due to its active electronically scanned array (AESA) antenna, the wide overall bandwidth, several receive channels, and a very flexible and configurable core electronics (refer to Table I and to [8] for technical details).…”
The pod integrated variant of the airborne SmartRadar by AIRBUS Defence and Space, mounted under the wing of a Learjet 35 aircraft, is used as a testbed to develop advanced radar modes. In particular, it offers the capabilities of a multiphase-center active electronically steered array (AESA) antenna and of a flexible, wide-bandwidth radar core. During the last 2 years, the already-operated synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and ground moving target indication (GMTI) modes have been supplemented by newly developed maritime modes. This overview paper discusses the new maritime modes, presents recent results from our 2013/14 flight campaigns, and points out some interesting technological aspects with focus on algorithmic issues. In particular, maritime modes for open-sea surveillance, maritime MTI, and inverse SAR imaging of ships are discussed in detail. All of these radar modes make use of the instantaneous repointing capability of the fixed-mounted AESA antenna.Index Terms-Inverse SAR (ISAR), land/sea discrimination (LSD), maritime radar modes, maritime MTI, moving target indication (MTI), space-time adaptive processing (STAP), synthetic aperture radar (SAR).
“…The operation of spaceborne SAR-GMTI has been widely evaluated for road traffic monitoring [8]- [10]; and a lot of effort has been devoted to the analysis and definition of new processing strategies and algorithms [11]- [14]. Nevertheless, multichannel SAR-GMTI is not yet being extensively employed in the maritime surveillance field for vessel detection; but some preliminary studies have shown its potential capability [15]- [19].…”
This paper explores the ground moving target indication (GMTI) capabilities of the German Aerospace Center's state-of-the-art airborne (F-SAR) and spaceborne (TerraSAR-X) synthetic aperture radars (SARs) when operating over maritime scenarios. The performance of classical dual channel GMTI techniques, such as displaced phase center antenna (DPCA) and alongtrack interferometry (ATI), as well as the promising adaptive techniques, like extended DPCA (EDPCA) and imaging spacetime adaptive processing (ISTAP) have been analyzed on the basis of experimental acquisitions with both sensors. The objective of the paper is to highlight the limitations and challenges to be considered when processing real, multichannel GMTI data from pioneering SAR sensors for maritime surveillance. Different calibration or channel balancing strategies, on the basis of the digital balancing (DB) method, are studied, considering their impact on SAR-GMTI performance. An adaptive SAR processor, accounting for target kinematics and based on a matched filter bank (MFB) approach, is integrated in the SAR-GMTI processing chain in order to retrieve refocused images of the moving vessels.
Index Terms-Along-track interferometry (ATI), constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector, digital balancing (DB), displaced phase center antenna (DPCA), extended DPCA (EDPCA), ground moving target indication (GMTI), monitoring, ship detection, spatially variant apodization (SVA), synthetic aperture radar (SAR), surveillance.
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