A peptide-containing fraction of plasma from schizophrenic patients which binds to opiate receptors and induces hyper-reactivity in rats

Drysdale, A. C.; Deacon, Robert M. J.; Lewis, Paul; Olley, J.E.; Electricwala, A; Sherwood, Roger F.

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(82)90265-2

Cited by 33 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Opioid peptides can act directly on transmitter uptake and release in the CNS [1] and cause behavioural changes [1][2][3][4]14] in animals. Furthermore IV β-casomorphin 1 -7 (bovine) causes FOS antigen increase in key nuclei of the brain such as the Nucl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore the amino acids released on acid hydrolysis indicated that the peptides contained the expected amino acids [5], but tryptophan was destroyed by acid hydrolysis. Opioid increase in schizophrenia has been found by several groups [1][2][3][4]. A Swedish group has convincingly described symptoms of schizophrenia related to level of opioid receptor binding opioids [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased peptide levels in urine of schizophrenic patients have been found [1][2][3][4]. Co-chromatography of exorphins with the use of different gradients on HPLC, was also reported [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exorphins in urine from schizoaffective psychotics

Tveiten¹,

Reichelt²

2012

OJPsych

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Hyperpeptiduria and opioid excess have been reported in schizophrenia. According to Prof. Dr. L. Lindström, Sweden opioids may explain the pathophysiology of this syndrome. Therefore it is critical to elucidate the presence and nature of opioids in schizophrenia and diagnostic sub groups. First morning urine from untreated schizoaffective patients (ICD-10: F 25.1) was separated on HPLC and peaks that elute where different opioid standards appear, freeze dried, re-dissolved in methanol/water (50/50) and 10 mM formic acid. Mass spectrometry and MS/MS or fragmentation mass spectrometry was performed. We found fragmentation pattern of beta-casomorphin 1 -3 and 1 -4 (bovine) identical to synthetic standards from Bachem. The aggregation tendency of peptides was much in evidence. The reported exorphins were found in the urine from 8 of 12 untreated schizoaffective patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exorphins in urine from schizoaffective psychotics

Tveiten¹,

Reichelt²

2012

OJPsych

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“…In urine [ 92] and blood [93] of schizophrenics, elevated levels of exorphins produced from the digestion of milk and gluten, were found [94,95]. These substances administered in the intracerebral injection to rats caused their extremely strange behavior -initially a big anxiety, then decreased activity.…”

Section: Exorphinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among other things, the rats paid no attention to the ringing bell, as if they were seemingly deaf, similarly to children with autism spectrum disorders [96.97]. In contrast, exorphins from healthy individuals caused weakness in rats, but they did not behave strangely [93].…”

Section: Exorphinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review paper. Gluten-related disorders and schizophrenia - potential linking mechanisms, diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

Tomaka

Karakuła-Juchnowicz

Morylowska-Topolska

et al. 2017

Current Problems of Psychiatry

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More and more evidence confirms the theory that the intake of cereal products containing gluten may play an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. There are also premises indicating the relationship between the so-called gluten-related diseases and the development and course of mental disorders, including schizophrenia.The aim of this article is to review the literature on the potential relationship between the consumption of gluten and schizophrenia, considering the etiopathogenesis and the role of gluten-free diet in the treatment of schizophrenia.Methods: There were analysed available research papers in PubMed and Google Scholar with the key words: schizophrenia, gluten-related disorders, allergy to grain products, celiac disease, microbiota, immune system, exorphins and time span: 1960-2016 .Conclusions: Existing research results indicate a possible relationship between diet rich in grain products with high gluten content and the occurrence or exacerbation of schizophrenia symptoms. However, further studies are necessary to: 1) identify groups of patients for whom the consumption of cereal products (gluten) is associated with a particular risk of schizophrenia exacerbation, 2) determine the mechanisms relating the consumption of gluten with the mental state of schizophrenic patients, 3) get the possible benefits of implementing gluten-free diet in patients with schizophrenia.Keywords: schizophrenia, gluten, celiac disease, gluten-related disorders, allergy to gluten. StreszczeniePrzybywa dowodów na to, iż w patogenezie wielu chorób istotną rolę może odgrywać spożywanie produktów zbożowych zawierających gluten. Istnieją także przesłanki wskazujące na związek tzw. chorób glutenozależnych z powstawaniem i przebiegiem zaburzeń psychicznych, w tym schizofrenii.Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przegląd literatury na temat potencjalnego związku pomiędzy spożyciem glutenu a schizofrenią, z uwzględnieniem etiopatogenezy oraz roli diety bezglutenowej w terapii schizofrenii.Metoda: Analizie poddano dostępne artykuły z bazy PubMed oraz Google Scholar przy użyciu słów-kluczy: schizofrenia, nadwrażliwość na gluten, alergia na produkty zbożowe, celiakia, mikrobiota, układ immunologiczny, egzorfiny oraz deskryptorów czasowych: 1960-2016 rok.Wnioski: Dotychczasowe wyniki badań wskazują na możliwy związek diety bogatej w produkty zbożowe z dużą zawartością glutenu na występowanie lub zaostrzanie objawów schizofrenii. Konieczne są jednak dalsze badania celem: 1) identyfikacji grup pacjentów, dla których spożywanie produktów zbożowych (glutenu) wiąże się ze szczególnym ryzykiem pogorszenia przebiegu schizofrenii, 2) ustalenia mechanizmów łączących spożywanie glutenu ze stanem psychicznym pacjentów ze schizofrenią, 3) możliwych korzyści z wdrożenia diety bezglutenowej u pacjentów ze schizofrenią.

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Urinary peptides in schizophrenia and depression

1985

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Increased levels of benzoic acid‐precipitable aromatic compounds and glycoprotein‐associated peptide material are found in the urines of patients with schizophrenic psychoses and endogenous depressions. Factors with regulatory effects on aminergic transmission have been found. A working hypothesis is proposed whereby genetically determined peptidase insufficiency interacts with increased peptide levels of either endogenous and/or exogenous origin to cause the psychotic state. These disorders are probably multifactorial syndromes, displaying changes in several factors with bioactive effects.

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A peptide-containing fraction of plasma from schizophrenic patients which binds to opiate receptors and induces hyper-reactivity in rats

Cited by 33 publications

References 15 publications

Exorphins in urine from schizoaffective psychotics

Exorphins in urine from schizoaffective psychotics

Review paper. Gluten-related disorders and schizophrenia - potential linking mechanisms, diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

Urinary peptides in schizophrenia and depression

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