Review paper. Gluten-related disorders and schizophrenia - potential linking mechanisms, diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

Tomaka, Joanna; Karakuła-Juchnowicz, Hanna; Morylowska-Topolska, Justyna; Dzikowski, Michał; Juchnowicz, Dariusz; Flis, Marta; Siek, Aleksandra; Próchnicki, Michał

doi:10.1515/cpp-2017-0001

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(268 reference statements)

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“…Another treatable immune model of schizophrenia is gluten sensitivity with the occurrence of anti-tissue transglutaminase or anti-gliadin antibodies [ 94 ]. Indeed, there can be a possible relationship between diet rich in grain products with high gluten content and the occurrence or exacerbation of schizophrenia symptoms [ 95 ].…”

Section: Schizophrenia As a Complex Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Current Concepts and Treatments of Schizophrenia

2018

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Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental illness which involves three groups of symptoms, i.e., positive, negative and cognitive, and has major public health implications. According to various sources, it affects up to 1% of the population. The pathomechanism of schizophrenia is not fully understood and current antipsychotics are characterized by severe limitations. Firstly, these treatments are efficient for about half of patients only. Secondly, they ameliorate mainly positive symptoms (e.g., hallucinations and thought disorders which are the core of the disease) but negative (e.g., flat affect and social withdrawal) and cognitive (e.g., learning and attention disorders) symptoms remain untreated. Thirdly, they involve severe neurological and metabolic side effects and may lead to sexual dysfunction or agranulocytosis (clozapine). It is generally agreed that the interactions of antipsychotics with various neurotransmitter receptors are responsible for their effects to treat schizophrenia symptoms. In particular, several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), mainly dopamine, serotonin and adrenaline receptors, are traditional molecular targets for antipsychotics. Comprehensive research on GPCRs resulted in the exploration of novel important signaling mechanisms of GPCRs which are crucial for drug discovery: intentionally non-selective multi-target compounds, allosteric modulators, functionally selective compounds and receptor oligomerization. In this review, we cover current hypotheses of schizophrenia, involving different neurotransmitter systems, discuss available treatments and present novel concepts in schizophrenia and its treatment, involving mainly novel mechanisms of GPCRs signaling.

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Section: Schizophrenia As a Complex Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Current Concepts and Treatments of Schizophrenia

2018

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“…Elevated Anti-Gliadin antibodies (AGA) are more frequent in people with schizophrenia than people without, and AGA has been positively associated with peripheral inflammatory markers ( Kelly et al., 2018 ) in people with schizophrenia. Case reports in human subjects with elevated AGA have suggested improvements in symptomatology following a gluten-free diet ( Tomaka et al., 2017 ), however similar to the ketogenic diet, there is a paucity of RCTs and therefore a lack of evidence for cause and effect.…”

Section: Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional psychiatry in the treatment of psychotic disorders: Current hypotheses and research challenges

Teasdale

Mörkl

Müller-Stierlin

2020

Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

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Current treatment for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders focusses primarily on psychotropic medication to treat symptoms, though their efficacy varies between patients and psychotropic medication is often accompanied by severe side effects. Nutritional interventions to prevent and treat mental illness have received considerable attention over recent years. However, evidence for nutritional interventions in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders remains limited in quantity and quality. Pathways currently in focus include: i) nutritional deficits and impairments in glucose metabolism, ii) inflammation and immune dysregulation (also known from the mild encephalitis hypothesis), and iii) altered gut microbiota. All of which appear to be interconnected. Key limiting factors for advancing research in this field are research challenges associated with assessing and interpreting inflammatory profiles, microbiota and subjective nutritional assessments, which is further complicated by illness characteristics. This review describes the state of evidence for key hypotheses, including underlying mechanisms, implicated in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, the challenges in nutritional psychiatry research and the current state of nutrition interventions in mental healthcare.

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“…The lowest incidence is 4%, the highest incidence is 29%, and there is a great connection between body weight and constipation [38] . Studies have confirmed that the intake of gluten containing cereal products plays an Published by Francis Academic Press, UK -62-important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and considering its pathogenesis, the treatment methods of schizophrenia were analyzed [39] . At the same time, Brazilian scholars have reported that unhealthy food may be related to constipation in dietary analysis, and finally concluded that poor eating habits such as insufficient intake of vegetables and fruits are significantly positively correlated with constipation [40] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Original article of prevalence, risk factors and clinical characteristics of constipation in Chinese patients with schizophrenia

2022

FMSR

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Background: The aim of study was to explore the prevalence and clinical characteristics of constipation in Chinese inpatients with schizophrenia and analyze its risk factors. Methods: 806 schizophrenic patients in Shanghai were recruited to analyze the prevalence of constipation and the clinical characteristics of schizophrenic patients. According to whether the patients had constipation, they were divided into constipation group and normal group. The living conditions of the two groups were compared, and the risk factors of constipation were analyzed. Finally, the ROC curve was used to determine the predictive efficacy of the related factors on constipation, and the utilization of the risk factors Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the important factors of constipation. Results: The prevalence of constipation in Chinese schizophrenic patients was higher than that in the general population. The prevalence of mild constipation was 32.5% in 806 schizophrenic patients, and the prevalence of severe constipation was 20.9%. There was also gender difference in the prevalence of constipation in schizophrenic patients, among which the prevalence of female constipation was 17.6%, and that of male constipation was 9.9%. The dietary habits of patients also had a significant impact on the prevalence of constipation (P=0.001). Conclusion: The risk of constipation in female patients with schizophrenia is significantly higher than that in male patients. The incidence of constipation is related to gender, age, education level, negative symptoms, PANSS total score, smoking, exercise and drinking water. Gender, education level and daily smoking are important predictors of constipation.

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Review paper. Gluten-related disorders and schizophrenia - potential linking mechanisms, diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

Cited by 5 publications

References 108 publications

Current Concepts and Treatments of Schizophrenia

Current Concepts and Treatments of Schizophrenia

Nutritional psychiatry in the treatment of psychotic disorders: Current hypotheses and research challenges

Original article of prevalence, risk factors and clinical characteristics of constipation in Chinese patients with schizophrenia

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