A New Class of Bioactive and Biodegradable Soybean-Based Bone Fillers

Abstract

The reconstruction of large bone defects in periodontal, maxillofacial, and orthopedic surgery relies on the implantation of biomaterials able to support the growth of new tissue. None of the materials currently available is able to combine all the properties required, which are (i) easy handling, (ii) biodegradation, (iii) low immunogenicity, and more importantly, (iv) induction of tissue regeneration. A new class of biodegradable biomaterials has been obtained by simple thermosetting of defatted soybean curd. The final material can be processed into films, porous scaffolds, and granules for different surgical needs. When incubated in physiological solutions the material shows water uptake of 80%, elongation at break of 0.9 mm/mm, and 25% (w/w) degradation in 7 days. Soybean-based biomaterial granules are shown to reduce the activity of the monocytes/macrophages and of the osteoclasts and to induce osteoblast differentiation in vitro, thus demonstrating a bone regeneration potential suitable for many clinical applications.

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“…Consequently, it was optimal for placing the scaffolds somewhere between cortical and cancellous bones that create a porous environment with 3-12% and 50-90% porosity, respectively 20 . The scaffold attained a minimal flexural strength of 5 MPa, which was comparable to the strength of cancellous bone (2-10 MPa) 21 . The modulus at 50% porosity (3 GPa) showed a 3-fold increment when changing the sintered temperature from 1050 to 1250°C (Table 1).…”

Effects of the Dichloromethane Fraction of Dipsaci Radix on the Osteoblastic Differentiation of Human Alveolar Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…22,23) Soybean extracts are applied as bone fillers and regenerative materials. 24,25) Safflower seeds are commonly used as a natural remedy to treat bone fractures in traditional Korean medicine, and have recently been used in regenerative applications. 26,27) Other data on safflower seeds include application to the treatment of periodontal 1-wall intrabony defects, 28) and in the prevention of bone resorption caused by estrogen deficiency.…”

Plant Products for Innovative Biomaterials in Dentistry

“…Recently, Santin and colleagues reported as soybean-based biomaterial granules reduced the activity of monocytes/macrophages and osteoclasts, whereas osteoblast differentiation was induced in vitro [79]. An in vivo study on rabbit found that the implantation of soybean-based granules, after 8 weeks, produced bone repair with different features from those obtained by healing in a non-treated defect [17].…”