A Little Yellow Box: The Targeting of Automatic Teller Machines as a Strategy in Reducing Street Robbery

Holt, Tony; Spencer, Jon

doi:10.1057/palgrave.cpcs.8140215

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Following the same line of reasoning, the proximity of check-cashing outlets, automatic teller machines (Holt and Spencer, 2005), pawn shops, and other cash-intensive places such as bars and taverns (Roncek and Maier, 1991) makes the surrounding area good hunting grounds for robbers. In an ethnographic study of a Chicago police beat, St.…”

Section: Gang Territorial Barriersmentioning

confidence: 97%

Where Offenders Choose to Attack: A Discrete Choice Model of Robberies in Chicago*

2009

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Why do robbers choose a particular area to commit an offense? Do they rob close to home? Do they search for areas with suitable and attractive targets? What keeps them away from certain areas? To answer these questions, a model is developed of how robbers choose target areas. The model draws on various theoretical and empirical traditions, which include environmental criminology, journey to crime research, gang research, and social disorganization theory. Testing the model on cleared robbery cases in Chicago in the years 1996–1998, we demonstrate that robbery location choice is related to characteristics of target areas, to areas where offenders live, to joint characteristics of the resident and target areas, and to characteristics of the offenders themselves. The presence of illegal markets and other crime generators and crime attractors make areas attractive for robbers, whereas collective efficacy seems to keep them out. Distance as well as racial and ethnic segregation restrict the mobility of offenders.

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Section: Gang Territorial Barriersmentioning

confidence: 97%

Where Offenders Choose to Attack: A Discrete Choice Model of Robberies in Chicago*

2009

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“…Victims with cash are best found around cash economies. Therefore, the proximity of check-cashing outlets, automatic teller machines (Holt and Spencer, 2005), pawn shops and other cash-intensive places such as bars and taverns (Roncek and Maier, 1991) makes the surrounding area good hunting grounds for robbers. An ethnographic study of a Chicago police beat found that robbers were attracted primarily to locations with small businesses where cash transactions are the norm (St Jean, 2007).…”

Section: Rewardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Go where the money is: modeling street robbers' location choices

Bernasco

Block

Ruiter

2012

Journal of Economic Geography

107

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This article analyzes how street robbers decide on where to attack their victims. Using data on nearly 13,000 robberies, on the approximately 18,000 offenders involved in these robberies, and on the nearly 25,000 census blocks in the city of Chicago, we utilize the discrete choice framework to assess which criteria motivate the location decisions of street robbers. We demonstrate that they attack near their own homes, on easily accessible blocks, where legal and illegal cash economies are present, and that these effects spill over to adjacent blocks.

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“…Check-cashing outlets and ATMs (Holt and Spencer, 2005), pawnshops and bars (Roncek and Maier, 1991), and schools (Roncek and LoBosco, 1983;Bowers et al, 1998) are all among other types of 'risky facilities' around which crime has been shown to concentrate. However, little research to date has empirically documented the extent to which the combined presence of bus stops along with other activity nodes in the proximate environment enhances or reduces victimization risk within these environs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Street robbery and public bus stops: A case study of activity nodes and situational risk

Hart

Miethe

2014

Secur J

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Existing scholarship suggests that crime concentrates in close proximity to public bus stop locations. However, the importance of particular combinations of crime generators and attractors in the proximate environment around public bus stops has not been empirically documented. Drawing on previous environmental criminology research, the current study uses conjunctive analysis of case configurations to address questions about interpersonal violence around bus stops and other activity nodes in the proximate environment in Henderson, Nevada. Findings reveal that street robberies are highly clustered within a relatively small number of environmental contexts that are defined by specific combinations of activity nodes. They also show that bus stops are more likely than any other activity node to be found across dominant situational profiles of robbery, and that the relative risk of robbery associated with the presence/absence of bus stops varies widely on the basis of specific combinations of other activity nodes.

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A Little Yellow Box: The Targeting of Automatic Teller Machines as a Strategy in Reducing Street Robbery

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Where Offenders Choose to Attack: A Discrete Choice Model of Robberies in Chicago*

Where Offenders Choose to Attack: A Discrete Choice Model of Robberies in Chicago*

Go where the money is: modeling street robbers' location choices

Street robbery and public bus stops: A case study of activity nodes and situational risk

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