Street robbery and public bus stops: A case study of activity nodes and situational risk

Hart, Timothy C.; Miethe, Terance D.

doi:10.1057/sj.2014.5

Cited by 68 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…As previously noted in international literature, both external surroundings and internal station characteristics are important to the explanation of crime occurrences in the transit system environment (see, for instance, Ceccato et al, 2013;Hart and Miethe, 2014;Loukaitou-Sideris et al, 2002;Newton, 2014). In particular, our study found that stations' internal environmental features, such as the presence of CCTV and security guards, deter crime through formal social control.…”

Section: Discussion Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Gendered mobility and violence in the São Paulo metro, Brazil

Moreira

Ceccato

2020

Urban Studies

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With about 12 million inhabitants, São Paulo, Brazil, is the largest city in South America. As in many other major southern hemisphere cities, this extreme concentration of people imposes a number of mobility and security challenges. The objective of this article was to investigate the space-time patterns of mobility and violent victimisation in São Paulo’s metro stations from a gender perspective. The methodology combines use of a Geographical Information System (GIS), statistical analysis through negative binomial regression modelling and hypothesis testing. Results indicate that mobility and the level of victimisation are gender dependent. Women are at higher risk of victimisation than men in São Paulo’s central metro station, while men run higher risk of violence at end stations – both notably during late night periods. The presence of employees reduces the risk of violence, except during the mornings. The article suggests that crime prevention initiatives need to be gender informed and sensitive to the particular spatial and temporal features of rapid transit environments.

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Section: Discussion Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Gendered mobility and violence in the São Paulo metro, Brazil

Moreira

Ceccato

2020

Urban Studies

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“…However, research has identified a higher likelihood of robbery victimization when a bus stop is located near an ATM compared to only an ATM, but a lower risk of robbery victimization when a bus stop is located near a bar compared to only a bar (Hart & Miethe, 2014). Robbers tend to commit robberies in places that fall within their routine travels and are close to their homes.…”

Section: Research On Transit Environments and Other Public Spacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Routine Activity Approach: Assessing Victimization by Gender in Transit Environments and Other Public Locations

Savard¹

2018

AASoci

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The purpose of this research is to examine how transit environments and other public spaces shape women's and men's victimization for simple assault, aggravated assault, sexual assault, robbery, and kidnapping crimes. This research applies routine activities theory to examine how everyday activities shape victimization within these environments. Using data from the Federal Bureau of Investigations' 2014 National Incident-Based Reporting System, this research finds that women were more likely to be victimized in certain spaces such as shopping centers and transit terminals. Regarding certain violent crimes, it was also discovered that women were more likely to be robbed at shopping centers, grocery stores, parking lots/garages, and transit terminals. It is argued that understanding the vulnerability of simple assault, aggravated assault, sexual assault, robbery, and kidnapping victimization women have in transit environments and other public spaces may provide useful insight regarding preventing crime in these locations.

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“…For instance, it is well established that a lack of a capable guardian is very often associated with more crime (Cohen and Felson 1979). More recently (Caplan et al 2011), the literature has listed five risk factors found to be correlated with crime, particularly those that are violent, these are: gang members (Kennedy et al 1996;Braga 2004); schools (Roncek and LoBosco 1983); public housing (Newman 1972;Eck 1987); the facilities of bars, clubs, fast food restaurants, and liquor stores Roncek and Maier 1991;Block and Block 1995;Brantingham and Brantingham 1995); and bus stops (Golledge and Stimson 1997;Loukaitou-sideris 1999;Roman 2005;Van Wilsem 2009;Yu 2009;Hart and Miethe 2014;Stucky and Smith 2014). Whilst most of these risk factors are too broad to be dealt with in one operation, they signal the direction in which to look for these antecedents of crime.…”

Section: Introduction Crime and Placementioning

confidence: 99%

Predictable Policing: Measuring the Crime Control Benefits of Hotspots Policing at Bus Stops

Ariel

Partridge

2016

J Quant Criminol

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Objectives A fairly robust body of evidence suggests that hotspots policing is an effective crime prevention strategy. In this paper, we present contradictory evidence of a backfiring effect.Methods In a randomized controlled trial, aimed at reducing crime and disorder, London's 'hottest' 102 bus-stops were targeted. Double patrol teams of Metropolitan Police Service uniformed officers visited the stops three times per shift (12:00-20:00), 5-times per week, for a duration of 15 min, over a 6 month period. Crucially, officers arrived and departed the bus stop on a bus, with significantly less time spent outside the bus stop setting. Outcomes were measured in terms of victim-generated crimes reported to the police and bus driver incident reports (DIRs), within targeted and catchment areas. We used adjusted Poissonregression models to compare differences in pre-and post-treatment measures of outcomes and estimated-marginal-means to illustrate the treatment effect.Results DIRs went down significantly by 37 % (p = 0.07) in the near vicinity of the bus stops (50 m), by 40 % in the 100 m catchment area (p = 0.04) and marginally and nonsignificantly in the farthest catchment (10 %; p = 0.66), compared to control conditions. However, victim-generated crimes-the primary outcome measured in previous experiments-increased by 25 % (p = 0.10) in the near vicinity, by 23 % (p = 0.08) and 11 % (p B 0.001) within the 100-150 m catchment areas, respectively. Conclusions These findings illustrate the role of bounded-rationality in everyday policing: reductions in crime are predicated on an elevated perceived risk-of-apprehension. Previous studies focused on clusters of addresses or public facilities, with police moving freely and unpredictably within the boundaries of the hotspot, but the patrol areas of officers in this experiment were limited to bus stops so offenders could anticipate their movements. Hotspots policing therefore backfires when offenders can systematically and accurately predict the temporal and spatial pattern of long-term targeting at a single location.

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Street robbery and public bus stops: A case study of activity nodes and situational risk

Cited by 68 publications

References 18 publications

Gendered mobility and violence in the São Paulo metro, Brazil

Gendered mobility and violence in the São Paulo metro, Brazil

A Routine Activity Approach: Assessing Victimization by Gender in Transit Environments and Other Public Locations

Predictable Policing: Measuring the Crime Control Benefits of Hotspots Policing at Bus Stops

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