A High-Voltage Class-D Power Amplifier With Switching Frequency Regulation for Improved High-Efficiency Output Power Range

Ma, Haifeng; Zee, Ronan van der; Nauta, Bram

doi:10.1109/jssc.2015.2421994

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…The level shifter and the gate driver of each output transistor are powered by a floating regulator that provides a 5V local supply with respect to the source of each output transistor. M2, M3, M5, and M7 require local supplies above PVDD, which are obtained using external bootstrap capacitors CBSTP and CBSTN charged respectively through internal Schottky diodes DBSTP and DBSTN, as in [2,[21][22][23]. M2 and M5 (also M3 and M7) employ separate regulators to avoid crosstalk-induced timing errors due to voltage droop at the regulator outputs during gate charging.…”

Section: A Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 shows the gate driver design, which buffers the level shifter output and drives the output transistors. To reduce loading on the floating regulator, most of the gate charge is drawn from the floating regulator's input directly using a source follower MN1 [2,23]. In the last stage, the pull-down strength is chosen to be larger than the pull-up strength to avoid cross conduction and to allow minimal dead time, which reduces the output stage distortion [22].…”

Section: E Gate Drivermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A High-Linearity and Low-EMI Multilevel Class-D Amplifier

Zhang

Karmakar

Breems

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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This paper presents a Class-D audio amplifier for automotive applications. Low EMI and, hence, smaller LC filter size is obtained by employing a fully differential multilevel output stage switching at 4.2 MHz. A modulation scheme with minimal switching activity at zero input reduces idle power, which is further assisted by a gate-charge reuse scheme. It also achieves high linearity thanks to the high loop gain realized by a 3 rd -order feedback loop with a bandwidth of 800 kHz. The prototype, fabricated in a 180 nm high-voltage BCD process, achieves a minimum THD+N of −107.8 dB/−102 dB and a peak efficiency of 91%/87% with an 8-Ω and a 4-Ω load, respectively, while drawing 7 mA quiescent current from a 14.4 V supply. The prototype meets the CISPR 25 Class 5 EMI standard with a 5.7 dB margin using an LC filter with a cutoff frequency of 580 kHz.

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Section: A Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E Gate Drivermentioning

confidence: 99%

A High-Linearity and Low-EMI Multilevel Class-D Amplifier

Zhang

Karmakar

Breems

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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“…Several factors contribute to the overall power dissipation in the output power stage [19], [23], the dominant ones include Fig. 5.…”

Section: Output Power Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

A 28-W, −102.2-dB THD+N Class-D Amplifier Using a Hybrid ΔΣM-PWM Scheme

Karmakar

Zhang

Veldhoven

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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This paper presents a 28W Class-D amplifier for automotive applications. The combination of a high switching frequency and a hybrid multi-bit ∆ΣM-PWM scheme results in high linearity over a wide range of output power, as well as low AM-band EMI. As a result, only a small (150kHz cutoff frequency), and thus low-cost, LC filter is needed to meet the CISPR-25 EMI average limit (150kHz-30MHz) with 10dB margin. At 28W output power, the proposed amplifier achieves 91% efficiency while driving a 4Ω load from a 14.4V supply. It attains a peak THD+N of 0.00077% (-102.2dB) for a 1kHz input signal.

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“…Generally, the DC-DC converter control consists of one output variable as it uses one or two control variables [26], [27], [28], [29]. More specifically, the DC-DC converter employs a voltage control in which the output voltage is controlled by being detecting it and using the pulse width or the frequency as a control variable; alternatively, the output voltage is controlled by detecting it and the inductor current and using the duty cycle or the frequency as a control variable [30].…”

Section: High Efficiency Tracking Controller Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of High Efficiency Controller for Wide Input Range DC-DC Piezoelectric Transformer Converter

Yun

Kong

2020

IEEE Access

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Owing to the increasing demand for low-power electronic devices, the need for miniaturized, light-weight power supplies with a high power density is growing. A piezoelectric transformer, which is a mechanical resonance-based power transformer, can meet these requirements. However, piezoelectric transformers are based on mechanical resonance, and the resonance characteristics depend on the output current, temperature, and other parameters. Thus, their efficiency may rapidly reduce with changes in the resonance characteristics under specific load and temperature conditions. Therefore, this study proposes a technique that estimating the optimal frequency by using the measurements of the input voltage and current phase difference of the piezoelectric transformer and regulating the output voltage using the duty cycle. Modeling and control system analyses are performed to address the control interference problem caused by the plurality of control variables and control outputs. To demonstrate the proposed technique, a 40 W prototype hardware device is developed. The efficiency improvement is confirmed, and the analysis is validated.

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A High-Voltage Class-D Power Amplifier With Switching Frequency Regulation for Improved High-Efficiency Output Power Range

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

A High-Linearity and Low-EMI Multilevel Class-D Amplifier

A High-Linearity and Low-EMI Multilevel Class-D Amplifier

A 28-W, −102.2-dB THD+N Class-D Amplifier Using a Hybrid ΔΣM-PWM Scheme

Design of High Efficiency Controller for Wide Input Range DC-DC Piezoelectric Transformer Converter

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