A framework to assess the effect of reduction in inertia on system frequency response

Abstract

Abstract-This paper presents a framework to analyze the impact of different penetration levels of renewable generation sources (RES) and consequent reduction in inertia on grid frequency. The developed methodology is demonstrated using three operating conditions of the network. For each operating condition, the decrease in the network loading is balanced by disconnecting a part of synchronous generation. To establish the critical penetration levels of renewables and inertia limits for the grid frequency, the uncertainty of loads, intermittent and stochastic patterns of RES generation around each operating condition are simulated. The results clearly identify the critical penetration levels of RES and reduction in inertia limits of the system for frequency stability. In addition, the performed analysis quantifies the effect of primary frequency response and reduction in inertia on frequency nadir. The proposed framework is applied to the modified 16 machine and 68 bus network.

Tuningless Load Frequency Control Through Active Engagement of Distributed Resources

“…Within a synchronous area A, we define a neighborhood N H i = {i, AC i } ⊆ A to describe its dynamic behavior using (2). The Cell under consideration is denoted by i, and j ∈ AC i are the adjacent Cells coupled over tie-lines with the breaker state δ ij (n).…”

“…The increasing number of inverter-based Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) tielines reduces the inertia of the power system and thereby its ability to withstand disturbances [1], [2]. Established Load Frequency Control (LFC) schemes, notably Automatic Generation Control (AGC), have difficulties coping with the entailed changing dynamics and the volatility of renewable energy sources because of their rigid tuning requirements [3], [4].…”

Effect of load models on angular and frequency stability of low inertia power networks

“…A number of studies are performed to assess the impact of the increased penetration of RES on grid frequency and angular stability of the system [13,14,[17][18][19]. Authors previous works included frameworks to estimate the critical inertia limits for grid frequency and effect of renewable penetrations on transient stability [20,21]. The extent of the influence of load models on angular stability, and the frequency response of the power system with increased uncertainties and changed dynamic behaviour due to RES, is entirely unexplored.…”

Comparison between synthetic inertia and fast frequency containment control based on single phase EVs in a microgrid

“…decouples the inertial response between the interconnected areas [1]. Thus, the system's ability to withstand frequency changes by releasing or absorbing the energy stored in the rotating masses is notably reduced, leading to faster frequency dynamics [2].…”

“…They represent a load event of 8.7%, 15.7% and 23.5% of the total consumption, respectively. For the evaluation of the influence of the granularity, the following values of granularity have been applied, which are expressed as fraction of the actual granularity of 1 A:1 4 , 1 2 and 1. Moreover, for the sake of completeness, the case of continuous regulation (no granularity) and the uncontrolled case have also been included in the analysis.…”