A fast and efficient coordinated vehicle-to-grid discharging control scheme for peak shaving in power distribution system

Abstract

This study focuses on the potential role of plugin electric vehicles (PEVs) as a distributed energy storage unit to provide peak demand minimization in power distribution systems. Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) power and currently available information transfer technology enables utility companies to use this stored energy. The V2G process is first formulated as an optimal control problem. Then, a two-stage V2G discharging control scheme is proposed. In the first stage, a desired level for peak shaving and duration for V2G service are determined off-line based on forecasted loading profile and PEV mobility model. In the second stage, the discharging rates of PEVs are dynamically adjusted in real time by considering the actual grid load and the characteristics of PEVs connected to the grid. The optimal and proposed V2G algorithms are tested using a real residential distribution transformer and PEV mobility data collected from field with different battery and charger ratings for heuristic user case scenarios. The peak shaving performance is assessed in terms of peak shaving index and peak load reduction. Proposed solution is shown to be competitive with the optimal solution while avoiding high computational loads. The impact of the V2G management strategy on the system loading at night is also analyzed by implementing an off-line charging scheduling algorithm.

A Bi-Level EV Aggregator Coordination Scheme for Load Variance Minimization with Renewable Energy Penetration Adaptability

“…The information input regarding the EV dynamics is vital to assess the practicality of any grid support strategy. Gaussian distribution can be used to model the mobility parameters such as home arrival time of EVs and the daily distance they travel [15,22].…”

“…The aspects of EV mobility are not considered in this study. Reference [22] showed that a coordinated control algorithm can be implemented to attain almost similar results to the optimal solution as defined by the objective function in Reference [21] with less computational burden. However, employing a higher EV penetration rate results in the rebounding effect with another peak occurring at the off-peak hours during EV charging.…”

En route of electric vehicles with the vehicle to grid technique in distribution networks: Status and technological review

“…As EVs may be treated as dynamic mobile distributed power storages, thus, appropriate V2G supervision of a fleet of vehicles is significant to attain several features, like the integration of renewable energy, harmonic filtering, reactive power compensation, active power regulation, and ancillary service . In the article, the authors proposed an adaptive V2G control strategy which not only peak‐shave the load demand at distribution levels, but also adjusts the discharging rate of Plugin EV with a low computational price.…”

“…In the article, the author explores the area Digby Nova Scotia Canada by utilizing RES specifically wind energy with a 10% adoption rate of EVs by taking three scenarios convenience charging, time of day charging and smart charging. In the article with Reference , the authors implemented and validated a real‐time PSO controller with ANFIS system toward optimal integrating of RES and EVs into an intelligent grid infrastructure. In the article, the authors exploit the advantage of a two‐directional power charger with V2G capability and forecast based on load demand and RES share, it controls the charging of EVs during valley filling and reduces the load variance.…”

Strategies for Implementing Public Service Electric Bus Lines by Charging Type in Daegu Metropolitan City, South Korea

“…The interest in environmental issues is increasing, owing to CO 2 emission control reinforcement and the concerning greenhouse gas emissions that is caused by intensive fossil fuel use. The transportation sector accounts for a large proportion of fossil fuel consumption, and global efforts target to the adoption of electric buses for public transportation to reduce the related emissions [1][2][3][4].…”