Strategies for Implementing Public Service Electric Bus Lines by Charging Type in Daegu Metropolitan City, South Korea

Abstract

The large-scale adoption of electric vehicles in the public sector is essential for achieving emission reduction targets for transportation. In particular, the replacement of buses with internal combustion engines, which travel long distances and produce massive greenhouse gas emissions, by their electric counterparts can drastically reduce emissions. A variety of electric buses with different power supply systems are currently available, and their performance, charging type, battery capacity, and operating environment are related parameters that must be addressed for their successful and massive adoption. For instance, the appropriate charging type of electric buses depends on conditions, such as the operating environment. In this study, we determined the optimum capacity of electric bus batteries by considering the electric bus range, battery depth of discharge, and deterioration cost while using ADVISOR, which is a MATLAB-based electric vehicle simulator. In addition, we assessed the energy consumed and charging time according to the operating environments of electric buses. Finally, an economic efficiency analysis allowed for determining the appropriated charging type for electric buses. By integrating these data and analyses, we propose a comprehensive plan for selecting the most appropriate charging type according to the operating environment of these electric vehicles. We expect that the proposed plan will contribute to the adoption of electric buses and achieve the greenhouse gas reduction targets set by South Korea.

Electric Vehicles for Public Transportation in Power Systems: A Review of Methodologies

“…The long-term planning model considered minimizing the energy costs, considering the operational constraints of a bus company of Taiwan and using the data from the Taiwan Power Co. The authors of [98] examined the long-term planning of three different power supply systems: wireless charging, battery swapping, and plug-in charging. The analysis was performed in Daegu City, South Korea.…”

Congestion Control in Charging Stations Allocation with Q-Learning

“…We hope that the platform allocates stations to EVs for minimizing their own time costs. This can be expressed as in (4):…”

“…There are two ways to solve such a problem. One is to speed up the pace of construction of public charging stations [1,2], which involves consideration of the number and location of public charging stations [2][3][4][5]. The other is to utilize existing public charging stations effectively, guiding EVs to be charged with minimum time cost, avoiding congestion on roads and in stations.…”

Studies of Energy Consumption by a City Bus Powered by a Hybrid Energy Storage System in Variable Road Conditions

“…Research was also carried out using several electric motors in the drive system of a bus [26,27]. A separate group of studies consisted of works aimed at the optimization of the electric drive system [28][29][30] through the appropriate control of its components [31][32][33][34][35] or cooperating charging infrastructures [36][37][38][39][40], including wireless charging systems [41,42]. A study [43] has proposed the use of energy-saving guidelines for the regulation of electric bus traffic by determining the minimum number of passengers and reducing the mass of batteries to a level that provides the necessary reserves of power.…”