A cyanate ester/microcapsule system with low cure temperature and self-healing capacity

Yuan, Li; Huang, Sidi; Gu, Aijuan; Liang, Guozheng; Chen, Feng; Hu, Yinghui; Nutt, Steven

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.08.005

Cited by 59 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Previous studies showed that the incorporation of microcapsules was accompanied with significant improvements in tensile strength 42 and flexural strength of the polymer matrix. 43 However, another study reported a continuous reduction in the strength of the resin with increasing microcapsule content. 44 While these previous studies tested resins without filler particles, the present study tested a composite filled with 35% of glass fillers and 20% of NACP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of novel self-healing and antibacterial dental composite containing calcium phosphate nanoparticles

Wu¹,

Weir²,

Melo³

et al. 2015

Journal of Dentistry

105

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Objectives Fracture and secondary caries are the primary reasons for dental restoration failure. The objective of this study was to develop a self-healing composite to heal cracks, while containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) for antibacterial function and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) for remineralization. Methods Microcapsules were synthesized with poly(urea-formaldehyde) (PUF) shells containing triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and N,N-dihydroxyethyl-p-toluidine (DHEPT) as healing liquid. Composite contained 20 mass% of NACP and 35% glass fillers. In addition, composite contained 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, or 10% of microcapsules. A single edge V-notched beam method measured fracture toughness (KIC) and self-healing efficiency. A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model was used to test the antibacterial properties. Results Incorporation of microcapsules up to 7.5% into the composite did not adversely affect the mechanical properties (p > 0.1). Successful self-healing was achieved, with KIC recovery of 65–81% (mean ± sd; n = 6) to regain the load-bearing capability after composite fracture. The self-healing DMAHDM-NACP composite displayed a strong antibacterial potency, inhibiting biofilm viability and lactic acid production, and reducing colony-forming units by 3–4 orders of magnitude, compared to control composite without DMAHDM. Conclusions A dental composite was developed with triple benefits of self-healing after fracture, antibacterial activity, and remineralization capability for the first time. Clinical significance The self-healing, antibacterial and remineralizing composite may be promising for tooth cavity restorations to combat bulk fracture and secondary caries. The method of using triple agents (self-healing microcapsules, DMAHDM, and NACP) may have wide applicability to other dental composites, adhesives, sealants and cements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of novel self-healing and antibacterial dental composite containing calcium phosphate nanoparticles

Wu¹,

Weir²,

Melo³

et al. 2015

Journal of Dentistry

105

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“…A previous study showed different results on the effect of incorporation of microcapsules on the mechanical performance of the host material [24]. Studies showed that the incorporation of microcapsules was accompanied with significant improvements in tensile strength [45] and flexural strength of the polymer matrix [46]. However, another study reported a continuous reduction in the strength of the resin with increasing microcapsule content [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel self-healing dental resin with microcapsules of polymerizable triethylene glycol dimethacrylate and N,N-dihydroxyethyl-p-toluidine

Weir

Zhang

et al. 2016

Dental Materials

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Objectives Bulk fracture is one of the primary reasons for resin-based dental restoration failures. To date, there has been no report on the use of polymerizable dental monomers with acceptable biocompatibility to develop a resin with substantial self-healing capability. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a self-healing resin containing microcapsules with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA)-N,N-dihydroxyethyl-p-toluidine (DHEPT) healing liquid in poly(urea-formaldehyde) (PUF) shells for the first time, and (2) determine the physical and mechanical properties, self-healing efficiency, and fibroblast cytotoxicity. Methods Microcapsules of polymerizable TEGDMA-DHEPT in PUF were prepared via an in situ polymerization method. Microcapsules were added into a BisGMA-TEGDMA resin at microcapsule mass fractions of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. A flexural test was used to measure composite strength and elastic modulus. A single edge V-notched beam method was used to measure fracture toughness KIC and self-healing efficiency. Results Flexural strength and elastic modulus (mean ± sd; n = 6) of resin containing 5% to 15% microcapsules were similar to control without microcapsules (p > 0.1). Adding microcapsules into the resin increased the virgin KIC, which was about 40% higher at 15% microcapsules than that with 0% microcapsules (p < 0.05). Specimens were fractured and healed, then fractured again to measure the healed KIC. A self-healing efficiency of about 65% in KIC recovery was obtained with 10–20% microcapsules. All specimens with 0–20% microcapsules had fibroblast viability similar to control without resin eluents (p > 0.1). Significance Self-healing dental resin containing microcapsules with polymerizable TEGDMA-DHEPT healing liquid in PUF shells were prepared for the first time with excellent self-healing capability. These microcapsules and self-healing resins containing them may be promising for dental restorations to heal cracks/damage and increase durability.

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“…Lower cross linked polymers possess lower shape fixity; hence, increasing the cross link density of the shape memory polymer is an important in this field. The cyanate ester resins are considered as an important material in the field of high performance materials 17 . The cyanate ester resins are considered as an important material in the field of high performance materials 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, Wang Kun et al reported that the cross link density of the polymer with effective shape memory effect has been increased by react the cyanate ester with epoxies to obtain hybrid network 5 . The high thermal stability, superior mechanical strength and high performance widen their applications in printed circuit boards, rocket, missile structures, thermonuclear fusion reactor and high-energy radiation [17][18][19][20][21] . The high thermal stability, superior mechanical strength and high performance widen their applications in printed circuit boards, rocket, missile structures, thermonuclear fusion reactor and high-energy radiation [17][18][19][20][21] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape memory effect on the formation of oxazoline and triazine rings of BCC/DGEBA copolymer

2015

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The shape memory polymer was developed by the copolymerization of varying weight percentages (30, 40 and 50 wt%) of 1, 3-bis (4-cyanatobenzyl) cyclohexane cyanate ester (BCC) and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A through the formation of oxazoline and triazine ring without using any external flexibilizer/plasticizer. The copolymer samples were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, TGA, UV-Vis and XPS analysis. Thermo-mechanical and rheological characterizations were carried out using dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The changes of shape memory behavior and storage modulus were tuned by changing the concentration of oxazoline and triazine ring in the resulting copolymer using varying weight percentages of BCC.The shape fixity behavior increases with increase in weight percentages of BCC up to 50 wt% and beyond this weight percentage of BCC the brittleness behavior of the polymer was noticed.

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A cyanate ester/microcapsule system with low cure temperature and self-healing capacity

Cited by 59 publications

References 39 publications

Development of novel self-healing and antibacterial dental composite containing calcium phosphate nanoparticles

Development of novel self-healing and antibacterial dental composite containing calcium phosphate nanoparticles

Novel self-healing dental resin with microcapsules of polymerizable triethylene glycol dimethacrylate and N,N-dihydroxyethyl-p-toluidine

Shape memory effect on the formation of oxazoline and triazine rings of BCC/DGEBA copolymer

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