Preparing a biobased (biomass-based) high performance epoxy resin with extremely large biomass content is of great importance for sustainable development. Herein, a new epoxy resin with a precise structure, bis(2-methoxy-4-(oxiran-2ylmethyl)phenyl)furan-2,5-dicarboxylate (EUFU-EP), was synthesized from two biobased green and low toxic compounds (2,5furandicarboxylic acid and eugenol) and the biomass content of EUFU-EP is as large as 93.3%. In addition, a new biobased epoxy resin, EUFU-EP/MHHPA, was prepared by using methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) as the curing agent and 2ethyl-4-methylimidazole as the curing accelerator. The curing reactivity and integrated performances including thermal and mechanical properties as well as flame retardancy of the cured resin were systematically researched and compared with those of petrochemical resource-based epoxy resin (DGEBA/MHHPA) consisting of commercial diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), MHHPA and 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole. Results show that EUFU-EP/MHHPA and DGEBA/MHHPA have similar curing reactivity, but cured EUFU-EP/MHHPA resin shows better thermal properties, rigidity, and flame retardancy than cured DGEBA/MHHPA resin. Specifically, the glass transition temperature (T g ) of EUFU-EP/MHHPA resin is as high as 153.4 °C, the storage modulus at 50 °C increases by 19.8%; meanwhile, both peak heat release rate and total heat release reduce by 19.0%. The nature behind these outstanding integrated performances is attributed to the unique structure of EUFU-EP, which is not only rich in aromatic structure but also has a furan ring. The especially large biomass content and outstanding thermal, mechanical, and flame retarding performances clearly show that EUFU-EP resin has a great potential in actual applications.

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A novel hybridized multifunctional filler (CPBN), cyclotriphosphazene/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) hybrid, was synthesized by chemically coating hBN with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and p-phenylenediamine, its structure was systemically characterized. Besides, CPBN was used to develop new flame retarding bismaleimide/o,o'-diallylbisphenol A (BD) resins with simultaneously high thermal conductivity and thermal stability. The nature of CPBN has a strong influence on the flame behavior of the composites. With the addition of only 5 wt % CPBN to BD resin, the thermal conductivity increases 2 times; meanwhile the flame retardancy of BD resin is remarkably increased, reflected by the increased limited oxygen index, much longer time to ignition, significantly reduced heat release rate. The thermogravimetric kinetics, structures of chars and pyrolysis gases, and cone calorimeter tests were investigated to reveal the unique flame retarding mechanism of CPBN/BD composites. CPBN provides multieffects on improving the flame retardancy, especially in forming a protective char layer, which means a more thermally stable and condensed barrier for heat and mass transfer, and thus protecting the resin from further combustion.

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