A cross-sectional research of iodine status of pregnant women in Chongqing, south-west China

Shi

et al. 2020

J Human Nutrition Diet

Background: China's universal salt-iodization program has all but eliminated iodine de ciency disorders. Concern has shifted to mild iodine de ciency. Our study examined factors with the potential to predict mild iodine de ciency in pregnant women. Methods: A total of 2 400 pregnant women were enrolled using a multistage, strati ed, random-sampling method. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, a standardized questionnaire, an iodine-related knowledge questionnaire, urine samples, and household cooking salt samples. Results: The median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) was 148.0 μg/L for all participants, and 155.0 μg/L, 151.0 μg/L, and 139.6 μg/L in the rst, second, and third trimesters, respectively. The third trimester's MUIC was signi cantly lower than that of the rst trimester, and the usage rates of iodized salt and quali ed-iodized salt were 71.5% and 59.4%, respectively. Iodine-related knowledge was signi cantly different between the high and low UIC groups. Participants' MUIC increased signi cantly with increases in iodine-related knowledge. The third trimester was a signi cant risk factor for high UIC, whereas abundant iodine-related knowledge, study the dietary knowledge urgently, and consumption of iodine-rich food within 48 hours of a urine iodine test were signi cant protective factors for high UIC (P<0.05). Conclusions: Iodine levels are adequate among pregnant women in Shanghai during the rst and second trimesters, but insu cient in the third trimester. The use of iodized cooking salt does not determine the iodine status of pregnant women. Abundant iodine-related knowledge is important for pregnant women in the third trimester to maintain adequate urinary iodine.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Association of iodine‐related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours with urinary iodine excretion in pregnant women with mild iodine deficiency

Shi

et al. 2020

J Human Nutrition Diet

“…Moreover, a 2018 monitoring study in the Zhejiang province of China, which included 8 651 pregnant women, found that trimester was signi cantly associated with low UIC, with the lowest concentration recorded in the third trimester and the highest in the rst trimester [24]. This result is consistent with the results of a study of 2 607 pregnant women in Chongqing, China, an iodine-su cient area, which reported that women in the rst trimester had a signi cantly higher MUICC (189.7 µg/L) than those in third trimester [163.0 µg/L) [25]. Similarly, a cross-sectional study conducted in Australia found women in the third trimester had a signi cantly lower MUIC than women in the rst trimester (119 vs. 161 µg/L) [26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Association of Iodine-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviours with Urinary Iodine Excretion in Pregnant Women with Mild Iodine Deficiency

Shi

et al. 2020

Preprint

Background: China’s universal salt-iodization program has all but eliminated iodine deficiency disorders. Concern has shifted to mild iodine deficiency. Our study examined factors with the potential to predict mild iodine deficiency in pregnant women. Methods: A total of 2 400 pregnant women were enrolled using a multistage, stratified, random-sampling method. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, a standardized questionnaire, an iodine-related knowledge questionnaire, urine samples, and household cooking salt samples. Results: The median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) was 148.0 μg/L for all participants, and 155.0 μg/L, 151.0 μg/L, and 139.6 μg/L in the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. The third trimester’s MUIC was significantly lower than that of the first trimester, and the usage rates of iodized salt and qualified-iodized salt were 71.5% and 59.4%, respectively. Iodine-related knowledge was significantly different between the high and low UIC groups. Participants’ MUIC increased significantly with increases in iodine-related knowledge. The third trimester was a significant risk factor for high UIC, whereas abundant iodine-related knowledge, study the dietary knowledge urgently, and consumption of iodine-rich food within 48 hours of a urine iodine test were significant protective factors for high UIC (P<0.05). Conclusions: Iodine levels are adequate among pregnant women in Shanghai during the first and second trimesters, but insufficient in the third trimester. The use of iodized cooking salt does not determine the iodine status of pregnant women. Abundant iodine-related knowledge is important for pregnant women in the third trimester to maintain adequate urinary iodine.

“…According to the lower limit of appropriate iodine nutritional status for pregnant and lactating women (MUIC < 150 μg /l and 100 μg /l, respectively), as recommended by the WHO, women in our study were in an appropriate iodine nutritional status, and the results about pregnant women were similar to those reported in a previous surveillance study conducted in Xinjiang (18,25) . There were differences in the MUIC among pregnant women in different trimesters, with significantly higher MUIC in early than late pregnancy, which is consistent with the results of the Shanghai (26) , Chongqing (27) and Australian studies (28) . This finding may be related to the increased demand for TH by the foetus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Relationship between iodine knowledge and dietary iodine intake in pregnant and lactating women: a cross-sectional study

Nie

Zhu

et al. 2023

Public Health Nutr.

Objective: This study assessed the iodine knowledge of pregnant and lactating women, and the relationship to dietary iodine intake and iodine status. The factors influencing iodine intake were analyzed. Design: Basic information and iodine knowledge were collected via a questionnaire. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) assessed dietary iodine intake. The urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured using the Arsenic-Cerium Catalytic Spectrophotometric Determination of Iodine in Urine (WS/T 107 -2016). Setting: A cross-sectional study involving pregnant and lactating women in Xinjiang, China was conducted. Participants: A total of 1181 pregnant women and 504 lactating women were enrolled in the study. Results: The median UIC for pregnant and lactating women was 179.27 and 191.40 µg/L, respectively, and the dietary iodine intake was 407.16 and 356.89 µg/day, respectively. Of the pregnant and lactating women, 83.9% and 86.5% had medium iodine knowledge, respectively. In pregnant women, iodine knowledge and dietary iodine intake were positively correlated. High iodine knowledge and iodine education were shown to be protective factors for excessive iodine intake in pregnant women. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the iodine nutritional status of women in Xinjiang was appropriate, and iodine knowledge was at a medium level, but there was confusion about iodine nutrition. Public education is needed to improve iodine knowledge and active iodine supplementation awareness among these populations of women.