Background: In 1996, Shanghai implemented universal salt iodization and has became the last provincial unit in China to carry out this intervention. In this study, we summarized achievements in past 20 years, to provide suggestions and evidence for the next stage of iodine supplementation.
Background: China's universal salt-iodization program has all but eliminated iodine de ciency disorders. Concern has shifted to mild iodine de ciency. Our study examined factors with the potential to predict mild iodine de ciency in pregnant women. Methods: A total of 2 400 pregnant women were enrolled using a multistage, strati ed, random-sampling method. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, a standardized questionnaire, an iodine-related knowledge questionnaire, urine samples, and household cooking salt samples. Results: The median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) was 148.0 μg/L for all participants, and 155.0 μg/L, 151.0 μg/L, and 139.6 μg/L in the rst, second, and third trimesters, respectively. The third trimester's MUIC was signi cantly lower than that of the rst trimester, and the usage rates of iodized salt and quali ed-iodized salt were 71.5% and 59.4%, respectively. Iodine-related knowledge was signi cantly different between the high and low UIC groups. Participants' MUIC increased signi cantly with increases in iodine-related knowledge. The third trimester was a signi cant risk factor for high UIC, whereas abundant iodine-related knowledge, study the dietary knowledge urgently, and consumption of iodine-rich food within 48 hours of a urine iodine test were signi cant protective factors for high UIC (P<0.05). Conclusions: Iodine levels are adequate among pregnant women in Shanghai during the rst and second trimesters, but insu cient in the third trimester. The use of iodized cooking salt does not determine the iodine status of pregnant women. Abundant iodine-related knowledge is important for pregnant women in the third trimester to maintain adequate urinary iodine.
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