Background: Dietary risks raised attention around worldwide during the past decades. The aims of this burden-of-disease study were to evaluate the global dietary risks for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) from 1990 to 2019 and quantify their impact on mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study on deaths and DALYs from NCDs attributable to worldwide dietary risks were obtained and underwent deep analysis by year, age, gender, location, leading risks, and leading causes, and their associations were examined. The Socio-demographic Index (SDI) was used as an indicator of national socioeconomic status, and the relationships between age-standardized rates of deaths or DALYs and socioeconomic status.Results: In 2019, 7.9 million deaths and 187.7 million DALYs were attributable to dietary risk factors. High intake of sodium and low intake of whole grains and fruits were leading dietary risks for deaths and DALYs worldwide. However, both indexes showed a decreasing trend by year, an increase by age, and a higher disease burden in males. The main distribution of dietary-related NCDs was located in highly populated countries. A negative association between the SDI and disease burden, and a positive association between the SDI and male preponderance were found.Conclusions: Dietary risk factors for NCDs increased signi cantly and varied across regions during 1990-2019. Therefore, greater efforts are needed to raise public awareness of interventions and improve dietary practices to reduce the disease burden caused by suboptimal dietary intake, especially in developing countries and among males.

High-fat diet led to bone loss via gut microbiota and fatty acid imbalances, immune disorder and adipose tissue accumulation inside and outside the bone marrow.

Puerarin was shown to exert anti-oxidative and anti-ferroptosis effects in multiple diseases. The goal of this study was to explore the neuroprotective effect of puerarin on early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats. A total of 177 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were used. SAH was included via endovascular perforation. Intranasal puerarin or intracerebroventricular dorsomorphin (AMPK inhibitor) and SR18292 (PGC1α inhibitor) were administered. The protein levels of pAMPK, PGC1α, Nrf2, 4HNE, HO1, MDA, ACSL4, GSSG, and iron concentration in the ipsilateral hemisphere were significantly increased, whereas SOD, GPX4, and GSH were decreased at 24 h after SAH. Moreover, puerarin treatment significantly increased the protein levels of pAMPK, PGC1α, Nrf2, HO1, SOD, GPX4, and GSH, but decreased the levels of 4HNE, MDA, ACSL4, GSSG, and iron concentration in the ipsilateral hemisphere at 24 h after SAH. Dorsomorphin or SR18292 partially abolished the beneficial effects of puerarin exerted on neurological dysfunction, oxidative stress injury, and ferroptosis. In conclusion, puerarin improved neurobehavioral impairments and attenuated oxidative-stress-induced brain ferroptosis after SAH in rats. The neuroprotection acted through the activation of the AMPK/PGC1α/Nrf2-signaling pathway. Thus, puerarin may serve as new therapeutics against EBI in SAH patients.

Predictions from species distribution models are used to parameterize the environmental factors that influence the biology, distribution, and habitats of a species of interest. We fitted generalized additive models (GAMs) to spatiotemporal fishery data from torchlight fishing (2009-2013) to investigate the catch rates of swordtip squid Uroteuthis edulis in relation to changes in oceanographic conditions within the southern East China Sea, and we developed a habitat preference model. A high Jensen-Shannon divergence (JSD) value is considered to be an index of a thermal front. The results obtained using the selected GAMs revealed that the explained deviance in the catch rates pertaining to the oceanographic conditions was 45.10% throughout the year. All variables examined-sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a, sea surface height anomaly, and JSD-were statistically significant predictors (P < 0.05), and JSD explained the greatest amount of deviance (17.70%). The model predicted relatively high abundance of swordtip squid at 27-28°N in the southern East China Sea during spring and a decrease from June to August. The high Subject editor: Milo Adkison, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, Juneau

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PdCu alloy nanodendrites were prepared and exhibited enhanced catalytic properties towards methanol oxidation relative to commercial Pd/C.

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