A comprehensive review on renewable and sustainable heating systems for poultry farming

Cui, Yuanlong; Elmer, Theo; Gurler, Tugba; Su, Yuehong; Riffat, Saffa

doi:10.1093/ijlct/ctz048

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Poultry litter is affected when moisture and relative humidity is increased above 70% in room/poultry house. In a result, ammonia (above 70 ppm) production increases which affects bird's health and reduces growth [24][25][26].…”

Section: Heat Stress and Poultry Air-conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiments on Energy-Efficient Evaporative Cooling Systems for Poultry Farm Application in Multan (Pakistan)

et al. 2021

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Poultry are one of the most vulnerable species of its kind once the temperature-humidity nexus is explored. This is so because the broilers lack sweat glands as compared to humans and undergo panting process to mitigate their latent heat (moisture produced in the body) in the air. As a result, moisture production inside poultry house needs to be maintained to avoid any serious health and welfare complications. Several strategies such as compressor-based air-conditioning systems have been implemented worldwide to attenuate the heat stress in poultry, but these are not economical. Therefore, this study focuses on the development of low-cost and environmentally friendly improved evaporative cooling systems (DEC, IEC, MEC) from the viewpoint of heat stress in poultry houses. Thermodynamic analysis of these systems was carried out for the climatic conditions of Multan, Pakistan. The results appreciably controlled the environmental conditions which showed that for the months of April, May, and June, the decrease in temperature by direct evaporative cooling (DEC), indirect evaporative cooling (IEC), and Maisotsenko-Cycle evaporative cooling (MEC) systems is 7–10 °C, 5–6.5 °C, and 9.5–12 °C, respectively. In case of July, August, and September, the decrease in temperature by DEC, IEC, and MEC systems is 5.5–7 °C, 3.5–4.5 °C, and 7–7.5 °C, respectively. In addition, drop in temperature-humidity index (THI) values by DEC, IEC, and MEC is 3.5–9 °C, 3–7 °C, and 5.5–10 °C, respectively for all months. Optimum temperature and relative humidity conditions are determined for poultry birds and thereby, systems’ performance is thermodynamically evaluated for poultry farms from the viewpoint of THI, temperature-humidity-velocity index (THVI), and thermal exposure time (ET). From the analysis, it is concluded that MEC system performed relatively better than others due to its ability of dew-point cooling and achieved THI threshold limit with reasonable temperature and humidity indexes.

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Section: Heat Stress and Poultry Air-conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiments on Energy-Efficient Evaporative Cooling Systems for Poultry Farm Application in Multan (Pakistan)

et al. 2021

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“…The use of solar thermal energy for heating in poultry farms requires sophisticated heating systems beyond the usual ones used, such as heated walls, floors, ceilings, and heat exchangers for air heating. Thus, at a research level, passive solar systems with a heated roof ( 25 ) or solar walls ( 26 ) have been proposed. The most common is the investigation of the utilization of heat that can be abducted from the rear surface of a PV since the incident radiation only by a percentage of 12–18% is converted into electricity while the rest is reemitted as thermal radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Energy Intensity in Broiler Facilities: Methodology and Strategies

et al. 2021

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Broiler facilities consume a lot of energy resulting in natural source depletion and greater greenhouse gas emissions. A way to assess the energy performance of a broiler facility is through an energy audit. In the present paper, an energy protocol for an energy audit is presented covering both phases of data collection and data elaboration. The operational rating phase is analytically and extendedly described while a complete mathematical model is proposed for the asset rating phase. The developed energy audit procedure was applied to poultry chambers located in lowland and mountainous areas of Epirus Greece for chambers of various sizes and technology levels. The energy intensity indices varied from 46 to 89 kWh/m2 of chamber area 0.25–0.48 kWh/kg of produced meat or 0.36–1.3 kWh/bird depending on the chamber technology level (insulation, automation, etc.) and the location where the unit was installed. The biggest energy consumer was heating followed by energy consumption for ventilation and cooling. An advanced technology level can improve energy performance by ~ 27%−31%. Proper insulation (4–7 cm) can offer a reduction of thermal energy consumption between 10 and 35%. In adequately insulated chambers, the basic heat losses are due to ventilation. Further energy savings can be achieved with more precise ventilation control. Automation can offer additional electrical energy saving for cooling and ventilation (15–20%). Energy-efficient lights can offer energy saving up to 5%. The use of photovoltaic (PV) technology is suggested mainly in areas where net-metering holds. The use of wind turbines is feasible only when adequate wind potential is available. Solar thermal energy is recommended in combination with a heat pump if the unit's heating and cooling systems use hot/cold water or air. Finally, the local production of biogas with anaerobic fermentation for producing thermal or electrical energy, or cogenerating both, is a choice that should be studied individually for each farm.

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“…The cost of heating accounted for a large part of the bill because heating is critical to effectively raise chickens. Pre-heating of a poultry house is important, and it begins at least 24 to 48 h prior to placement of new flocks of baby chicks [10]. The proper maintenance of temperature for the chicken houses during different growth periods is also important for promoting efficient growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process is labor-intensive. Furthermore, forced air furnaces require high energy to heat up the air by convection and are likely the least preferred method for brooding baby chicks [10,12]. Propane and natural gas are currently used as a heating source for major space heating systems among the poultry houses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the higher energy costs, propane-based space heating systems produce a high concentration of CO 2 and moisture as well as room-relative humidity [13]. Increased air moisture and room-relative humidity content (above 70%) can react with poultry litter, resulting in increased ammonia production and potentially negative effects on both bird health and well-being [10,14]. High concentrations of ammonia (above 70 ppm) can reduce growth performance, which results in lower body weight gain and higher feed conversion ratios [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Evaluation of the Lab-Scale Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger (STHE) for Poultry Litter to Energy Production

2020

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Poultry litter is one type of biomass and waste generated from the farming process. This study performed a performance and process analysis of poultry litter to energy using the lab-scale shell and tube heat exchanger (STHE) system along with a Stirling engine and a swirling fluidized bed combustor (SFBC). The effects of tube shape, flow direction, and water flow rates on water and trailer temperature changes were investigated during the poultry litter co-combustion process. Energy flow analysis and emissions were also studied. Results showed that the water outlet temperature of 62.8 ° C in the twisted tube was higher than the straight tube case (58.3 ° C ) after 130 min of the co-combustion process. It was found that the counter-current direction had higher water temperature changes, higher logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD), and higher trailer temperature changes than the co-current direction. A water flow rate of 4.54 L/min showed adequate heat absorption in the lab-scale STHE system and heat rejection in the trailer. Results indicated that the lab-scale STHE system has a conversion efficiency of 42.3% and produces hot water (at about 63.9 ° C ) along with lower emissions. This research study confirmed that poultry litter can be used to generate energy (e.g., hot water and electricity) by using a lab-scale biomass conversion system for space heating applications.

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A comprehensive review on renewable and sustainable heating systems for poultry farming

Cited by 27 publications

References 79 publications

Experiments on Energy-Efficient Evaporative Cooling Systems for Poultry Farm Application in Multan (Pakistan)

Experiments on Energy-Efficient Evaporative Cooling Systems for Poultry Farm Application in Multan (Pakistan)

Reduction of Energy Intensity in Broiler Facilities: Methodology and Strategies

Design and Evaluation of the Lab-Scale Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger (STHE) for Poultry Litter to Energy Production

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