A Comparative Analysis of Brazil's Foreign Policy Drivers Towards the USA: Comment on Amorim Neto (2011)

Mouron, Fernando; Urdínez, Francisco

doi:10.1590/1981-38212014000100013

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…For countries' annual totals, UN Opposite Vote = (number of opposite votes + abstentions + absences) / total votes, where total votes = (number of opposite votes + number of identical votes + abstentions + absences). Recent empirical evidence on Latin American countries' alignment with the United States in the UN General Assembly shows that voting patterns reflect political alignments (Mouron and Urdinez 2014;Amorim and Malamud 2015). Table 2 offers mean values for all five indicators at the beginning of our period of study and at the end of it, showing that during this period all five indicators decreased.…”

Section: Measuring Us Hegemonic Influencementioning

confidence: 94%

Chinese Economic Statecraft and U.S. Hegemony in Latin America: An Empirical Analysis, 2003–2014

Urdínez

Mouron

Schenoni³

et al. 2016

Lat. Am. polit. soc.

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If one interprets China's sizable rise in Latin America as an unprecedented phenomenon, it follows that the concurrent story of declining U.S. influence in the region is an event hastily acknowledged at best and ignored at worst. In this article, we ask whether Chinese economic statecraft in Latin America is related to the declining U.S. hegemonic influence in the region and explore how. To do so we analyze foreign direct investments, bank loans, and international trade from 2003 to 2014, when China became a major player in the region. We use data from 21 Latin American countries, and find that an inversely proportional relationship exists between the investments made by Chinese state‐owned enterprises (SOEs), bank loans, manufacturing exports, and the U.S. hegemonic influence exerted in the region. In other words, Beijing has filled the void left by a diminished U.S. presence in the latter's own backyard.

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Section: Measuring Us Hegemonic Influencementioning

confidence: 94%

Chinese Economic Statecraft and U.S. Hegemony in Latin America: An Empirical Analysis, 2003–2014

Urdínez

Mouron

Schenoni³

et al. 2016

Lat. Am. polit. soc.

Self Cite

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“…Although this research relies on country-specific tests and measures to check the impact of systemic and domestic variables on voting convergence, our approach can be extended to other Latin American countries and issue areas-as some recent works promise (Amorim Neto 2011;Merke and Pauselli 2014;Mourón and Urdinez 2014;Schenoni 2012;Vigevani and Ramanzini 2011). If data on national capabilities and trade dependence are easy to find, the bulging literature on comparative presidentialism is an excellent source for country-specific domestic variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Determines Foreign Policy in Latin America? Systemic versus Domestic Factors in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico, 1946–2008

Neto¹,

Malamud

2015

Lat. Am. polit. soc.

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Is it domestic politics or the international system that more decisively influences foreign policy? This article focuses on Latin America's three largest powers to identify patterns and compare outcomes in their relations with the regional hegemon, the United States. Through a statistical analysis of voting behavior in the UN General Assembly, we examine systemic variables (both realist and liberal) and domestic variables (institutional, ideological, and bureaucratic) to determine their relative weights between 1946 and 2008. The study includes 4,900 votes, the tabulation of 1,500 ministers according to their ideological persuasion, all annual trade entries, and an assessment of the political strength of presidents, cabinets, and parties per year. The findings show that while Argentina's voting behavior has been determined mostly by domestic factors and Mexico's by realist systemic ones, Brazil's has a more complex blend of determinants, but also with a prevalence of realist systemic variables.T he emergence of left-leaning governments throughout Latin America, the socalled Pink Tide, has become conspicuous in recent years. As a consequence of the pervading ideology of the new administrations, "one would expect a more assertive approach to foreign policy" (Gardini and Lambert 2011, 1). This scenario provides a good opportunity to perform a test: to evaluate the relative weights of systemic and domestic variables. Since the United States has been traditionally the antimodel and antagonist for the Latin American left-as much as a reference and ally for the right-we posit that focusing on a country's alignment with the United States is a proper way to gauge the impact of ideology and related domestic factors, such as regime type, on foreign policy. From a more general perspective, this strategy can inform us as to whether it is systemic or domestic forces that have more decisively influenced Latin American foreign policy.

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Dual Hegemony: Brazil Between the United States and China

Schenoni

Leiva

2021

Hegemonic Transition

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A Comparative Analysis of Brazil's Foreign Policy Drivers Towards the USA: Comment on Amorim Neto (2011)

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Chinese Economic Statecraft and U.S. Hegemony in Latin America: An Empirical Analysis, 2003–2014

Chinese Economic Statecraft and U.S. Hegemony in Latin America: An Empirical Analysis, 2003–2014

What Determines Foreign Policy in Latin America? Systemic versus Domestic Factors in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico, 1946–2008

Dual Hegemony: Brazil Between the United States and China

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