A CMOS 2D Transmit Beamformer With Integrated PZT Ultrasound Transducers For Neuromodulation

Costa, Tiago; Shi, Chuncheng; Tien, Kevin; Shepard, Kenneth L.

doi:10.1109/cicc.2019.8780236

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This article expands on our previous reporting on this design [25] by providing an in-depth system level analysis, a comprehensive PZT integration description and a detailed analysis of the experimental characterization. The organization of this article is as follows: Section II presents the system design of our approach.…”

Section: An Integrated 2d Ultrasound Phased Arraymentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In this article, we describe a 10 MHz 26 × 26 twodimensional (2D) phased array ultrasound transmitter in a single-chip form-factor [25] in line with the "more-than-Moore" paradigm [26]. The transmitter is implemented as an integrated device with a 2D array of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric transducers directly microfabricated on top of a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit (IC).…”

Section: An Integrated 2d Ultrasound Phased Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5a) transform an externally supplied input clock signal (CLK0) into 26 × 26 driving signals, each one with the appropriate phase to implement a transmit beamformer [29]. The IC was designed in two separate sections, a central coarse phase control unit, and an array of 26 × 26 transmit channels, featuring a fine phase control unit and a driver [25]. This solution provides a balance between having a central beamforming unit, which would create a complex routing problem, and having the beamforming circuit in each channel, which would require more circuit area per channel and reduce the scalability of the operating frequency.…”

Section: Ic Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6b). For that reason, we have developed an integration method for a 2D array of PZT transducers directly on top of the IC [25,41] and illustrated in Fig. 10.…”

Section: Ultrasound Transducer Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Integrated 2D Ultrasound Phased Array Transmitter in CMOS With Pixel Pitch-Matched Beamforming

Costa

Shi

Tien

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

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Emergingnon-imaging ultrasound applications, such as ultrasonic wireless power delivery to implantable devices and ultrasound neuromodulation, require wearable form factors, millisecond-range pulse durations and focal spot diameters approaching 100 µm with electronic control of its three-dimensional location. None of these are compatible with typical handheld linear array ultrasound imaging probes. In this work, we present a 4 mm x 5 mm 2D ultrasound phased array transmitter with integrated piezoelectric ultrasound transducers on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits, featuring pixel-level pitch-matched transmit beamforming circuits which support arbitrary pulse duration. Our direct integration method enabled up to 10 MHz ultrasound arrays in a patch form-factor, leading to focal spot diameter of ~200 µm, while pixel pitchmatched beamforming allowed for precise threedimensional positioning of the ultrasound focal spot. Our device has the potential to provide a high-spatial resolution and wearable interface to both powering of highlyminiaturized implantable devices and ultrasound neuromodulation.

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Section: An Integrated 2d Ultrasound Phased Arraymentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: An Integrated 2d Ultrasound Phased Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ic Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6b). For that reason, we have developed an integration method for a 2D array of PZT transducers directly on top of the IC [25,41] and illustrated in Fig. 10.…”

Section: Ultrasound Transducer Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An Integrated 2D Ultrasound Phased Array Transmitter in CMOS With Pixel Pitch-Matched Beamforming

Costa

Shi

Tien

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

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“…When high channel count and high frequency is needed, strategy C might be the best option, with the beamforming complexity shared between the periphery and the channel circuitry, and with medium routing complexity. Researchers have developed a first attempt in miniaturizing an ultrasonic neuromodulation device based on phased arrays [38], however, the achieved focal pressure (100 kPa) is still lower than required. To improve this, optimizations in the transducer microfabrication, such as the inclusion of an acoustic matching layer, and also the use of high-voltage CMOS technologies, might be able to bring the focal pressures into the MPa range.…”

Section: Ultrasound Stimulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional Bioelectronic Interfaces: System Design and Circuit Implications

Liu¹,

Urso²,

Ponte³

et al. 2020

IEEE Solid-State Circuits Mag.

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State of the Art and Current Challenges on Electroactive Biomaterials and Strategies for Neural Tissue Regeneration

Marques‐Almeida,

Lanceros‐Mendez,

Ribeiro

2023

Adv Healthcare Materials

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The loss or failure of an organ/tissue stands as one of the healthcare system's most prevalent, devastating and costly challenges. Especially, strategies for neural tissue repair and regeneration have received significant attention due to their particularly strong impact on patients' well‐being. Many research efforts have been dedicated not only to control the disease symptoms but also to find solutions to repair the damaged tissues. Neural tissue engineering (TE) plays a key role in addressing this problem and significant efforts are being carried out to develop strategies for neural repair treatment. In the last years, active materials allowing to tune cell‐materials interaction are being increasingly used, representing a recent paradigm in TE applications. Among the most important stimuli influencing cell behavior are the electrical and mechanical ones. In this way, materials with the ability to provide this kind of stimuli to the neural cells seem to be appropriate to support neural TE. In this scope, this review summarizes the different biomaterials types used for neural TE, highlighting the relevance of using active biomaterials and electrical stimulation. Furthermore, this review provides a compilation of the most relevant studies and results but also strategies for novel and more biomimetic approaches for neural TE.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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A CMOS 2D Transmit Beamformer With Integrated PZT Ultrasound Transducers For Neuromodulation

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

An Integrated 2D Ultrasound Phased Array Transmitter in CMOS With Pixel Pitch-Matched Beamforming

An Integrated 2D Ultrasound Phased Array Transmitter in CMOS With Pixel Pitch-Matched Beamforming

Bidirectional Bioelectronic Interfaces: System Design and Circuit Implications

State of the Art and Current Challenges on Electroactive Biomaterials and Strategies for Neural Tissue Regeneration

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