A ±25A Versatile Shunt-Based Current Sensor with 10kHz Bandwidth and ±0.25% Gain Error from -40°C to 85°C Using 2-Current Calibration

A Versatile ±25-A Shunt-Based Current Sensor With ±0.25% Gain Error From −40 °C to 85 °C

“…In this article, which is an extended version of [20], the design of a shunt-based current sensor with kilohertz bandwidth and a tunable TCS is presented. The latter ensures high accuracy with both low and high TC shunts.…”

A 2.5-µW Beyond-the-Rails Current Sensor With a Tunable Voltage Reference and ±0.6% Gain Error From −40 °C to +85 °C

“…In [6], a Coulombcounter that consumes less than 8.5 μW is presented, but it relies on a precision off-chip shunt to achieve good accuracy over temperature. A recent work [7] presents a current sensor with a TC-tunable voltage reference, making it suitable for different types of shunts, but its 0.5-mW power consumption is too high.…”

23.2 A 40A Shunt-Based Current Sensor with ±0.2% Gain Error from −40°C to 125°C and Self-Calibration

“…Low-cost metal (e.g., PCB trace) shunts can be used to make accurate current sensors (<1% gain error) [1][2][3]. However, their reported maximum operating temperature (85°C) is not high enough for automotive applications, and at higher temperatures, shunt resistance may exhibit increased drift, especially at high current levels.…”

“…This paper presents a metal-shunt-based current sensor with a wide temperature range and a stable on-chip reference current (I REF ) source for shunt self-calibration. By employing a continuous-time (CT) front-end, it achieves an input noise density of 14nV/√Hz while consuming only 280μA, making it >10× more energy efficient than prior art [1,2], with comparable gain error (±0.2%) over a wider current (±40A) and temperature (-40°C to 125°C) range.…”

“…23.2.1), whose large temperature coefficient (TC, ~0.4%/°C) is compensated by using a near-PTAT ADC reference (V REF =V PTAT +V CTAT /λ). By tuning λ, the TC of V REF can be matched to that of the shunt [1,2], generating a temperatureindependent digital output (I S -mode). However, R S may still drift over time [4].…”