3D and 4D printing of polymer/CNTs-based conductive composites

Agarwala, Shweta; Goh, Guo Liang; Goh, Guo Dong; Dikshit, Vishwesh; Yeong, Wai Yee

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816805-9.00010-7

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…The deposited liquid is then set or cured by evaporating solvents when using thermoplastic solutions or using heat or ultra violet (UV) curing to convert the viscous liquid into a solidified assembly. Materials that have been used to manufacture with this technique are polymer solutions, colloidal suspensions, UV-curable polymers and polyelectrolytes (Agarwala et al, 2020;Goh et al, 2019;Lebel et al, 2010;Low et al, 2017;Postiglione et al, 2015;Wei et al, 2017). Other names for this technique include direct writing (DIW), robocasting or micro robotic deposition (m RD) (Lewis et al, 2006).…”

Section: Additive Manufacturing Techniques Used For Shape Memory Polymermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This image is reprinted with the permission of (Baker et al, 2019) produce shear-thinning. However, research on shear-thinning produced by particle addition in different AM processes is still new and challenging, as different aspect ratios of particles, and fibre lengths would affect the rheological characteristics (Agarwala et al, 2020). Perhaps, special additives used to tailor the polymer melt properties in well-established extrusion technologies can be of help in tackling this issue in the near future.…”

Section: Technologies Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in additive manufacturing of shape memory polymer composites

Garces

Ayranci

2021

RPJ

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Purpose A review on additive manufacturing (AM) of shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) is put forward to highlight the progress made up to date, conduct a critical review and show the limitations and possible improvements in the different research areas within the different AM techniques. The purpose of this study is to identify academic and industrial opportunities. Design/methodology/approach This paper introduces the reader to three-dimensional (3 D) and four-dimensional printing of shape memory polymers (SMPs). Specifically, this review centres on manufacturing technologies based on material extrusion, photopolymerization, powder-based and lamination manufacturing processes. AM of SMPC was classified according to the nature of the filler material: particle dispersed, i.e. carbon, metallic and ceramic and long fibre reinforced materials, i.e. carbon fibres. This paper makes a distinction for multi-material printing with SMPs, as multi-functionality and exciting applications can be proposed through this method. Manufacturing strategies and technologies for SMPC are addressed in this review and opportunities in the research are highlighted. Findings This paper denotes the existing limitations in the current AM technologies and proposes several directions that will contribute to better use and improvements in the production of additive manufactured SMPC. With advances in AM technologies, gradient changes in material properties can open diverse applications of SMPC. Because of multi-material printing, co-manufacturing sensors to 3D printed smart structures can bring this technology a step closer to obtain full control of the shape memory effect and its characteristics. This paper discusses the novel developments in device and functional part design using SMPC, which should be aided with simple first stage design models followed by complex simulations for iterative and optimized design. A change in paradigm for designing complex structures is still to be made from engineers to exploit the full potential of additive manufactured SMPC structures. Originality/value Advances in AM have opened the gateway to the potential design and fabrication of functional parts with SMPs and their composites. There have been many publications and reviews conducted in this area; yet, many mainly focus on SMPs and reserve a small section to SMPC. This paper presents a comprehensive review directed solely on the AM of SMPC while highlighting the research opportunities.

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Section: Additive Manufacturing Techniques Used For Shape Memory Polymermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Technologies Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in additive manufacturing of shape memory polymer composites

Garces

Ayranci

2021

RPJ

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“…As mentioned earlier, temperature and filament diameter fluctuations in FFF printing can lead to warpage and buckling of the product, respectively. Regarding the existence of oxygen functional groups in the feedstock and their thermal decomposition, the gas accumulation can be predicted especially for composite materials leading to porosity issues (Agarwala et al, 2020). Also, a great number of researches have been conducted on promoting the surface roughness of products with FFF using chemical modifications, optimization of processing parameters and the slicing strategy .…”

Section: Geometrical Inefficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fused filament printing of specialized biomedical devices: a state-of-the art review of technological feasibilities with PEEK

Ghomi

Eshkalak

Singh

et al. 2021

RPJ

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Purpose The potential implications of the three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology are growing enormously in the various health-care sectors, including surgical planning, manufacturing of patient-specific implants and developing anatomical models. Although a wide range of thermoplastic polymers are available as 3DP feedstock, yet obtaining biocompatible and structurally integrated biomedical devices is still challenging owing to various technical issues. Design/methodology/approach Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is an organic and biocompatible compound material that is recently being used to fabricate complex design geometries and patient-specific implants through 3DP. However, the thermal and rheological features of PEEK make it difficult to process through the 3DP technologies, for instance, fused filament fabrication. The present review paper presents a state-of-the-art literature review of the 3DP of PEEK for potential biomedical applications. In particular, a special emphasis has been given on the existing technical hurdles and possible technological and processing solutions for improving the printability of PEEK. Findings The reviewed literature highlighted that there exist numerous scientific and technical means which can be adopted for improving the quality features of the 3D-printed PEEK-based biomedical structures. The discussed technological innovations will help the 3DP system to enhance the layer adhesion strength, structural stability, as well as enable the printing of high-performance thermoplastics. Originality/value The content of the present manuscript will motivate young scholars and senior scientists to work in exploring high-performance thermoplastics for 3DP applications.

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“…The ability to induce movement or actuation in an object is one of the more popular examples of 4D modification for a multitude of reasons. 4D movement allows for the creation of highly customizable devices such as; medical implants which move and grow within the body [35][36][37] , sensors which move upon stimulation 38,39 , and various soft robotics applications 40,41 . There are many different pathways to achieving such movement in 3D printed objects, common examples include; solvent swelling and expansion [42][43][44][45] , thermally induced contraction [46][47][48][49][50] , pneumatic force through printed channels 38,41,51 , photochemical changes (cis-trans isomerization, reversible ring opening, cycloaddition, and bond-exchange) [52][53][54] , and spatioselective printing of areas of high and low stress 55,56 .…”

Section: Growth Induced Bendingmentioning

confidence: 99%