Silica optical fiber integrated with two-dimensional materials: towards opto-electro-mechanical technology

Abstract

In recent years, the integration of graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials in optical fibers have stimulated significant advances in all-fiber photonics and optoelectronics. The conventional passive silica fiber devices with 2D materials are empowered for enhancing light-matter interactions and are applied for manipulating light beams in respect of their polarization, phase, intensity and frequency, and even realizing the active photo-electric conversion and electro-optic modulation, which paves a new route to the integrated multifunctional all-fiber optoelectronic system. This article reviews the fast-progress field of hybrid 2D-materials-optical-fiber for the opto-electro-mechanical devices. The challenges and opportunities in this field for future development are discussed.

Optical meta-waveguides for integrated photonics and beyond

“…The most significant distinction of meta-waveguides from their non-subwavelength equivalents like photonic crystal waveguides is c-t Brief zoology of meta-waveguides. A plethora of applications are prototyped by the playground of meta-waveguides, including, for instance, metasurface-patterned dielectric waveguides [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][50][51][52][53]82 , forward-designed metamaterial waveguides [54][55][56][83][84][85][86][87][88][89] , metasurface-or metamaterial-hybrid optical fibers [74][75][76][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110] , meta-structures-assisted plasmonic waveguides [70][71][72][73]…”

“…5a, metasurfaces would, indeed, open unprecedented paths to manipulate light using optical fibers to significantly accelerate relevant developments such as active beam profilers, spatial light modulators and fiber-optic tweezers, just to name a few 231 . Moreover, translating flat optics onto unconventional substrates, as the case of optical fibers, would allow the creation of lab-on-fiber assisted platforms with extraordinary capabilities in biomedical imaging, scanning near-field optical microscopy, and single-molecule detection 103,[106][107][108][109][110][248][249][250][251][252][253] .…”

“…The introduction of meta-structures into optical fibers also greatly enriches traditional fiber devices, ushering the creation of tremendous novel metafiber applications in information modulations [96][97][98] , beam transformations [99][100][101][102][103] , imaging 74 and numerous high-performance biochemical sensors and detectors 75,76,[104][105][106][107][108][109][110] (detailed in Section "Optical meta-fibers").…”

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection of Cerebrospinal Fluid Glucose Based on the Optofluidic In-Fiber-Integrated Composites of Graphene Oxide, Silver Nanoparticles, and 4-Mercaptophenylboronic Acid

“…In recent years, because of the extremely rich resources of optical fiber and its small size, it has received extensive attention. 12,13 Through the design of the optical fiber structure, it can become a convenient and trace detection sensor. 14−16 With the development of microfabricated optical fiber technology, some optical fibers, such as microstructured hollow fiber (MHF) with special structures, have become excellent natural optofluidic devices using their special structures.…”

“…That is, a convenient, online trace Raman detection device is found to be more convenient for detection of the glucose content in human cerebrospinal fluid. In recent years, because of the extremely rich resources of optical fiber and its small size, it has received extensive attention. , Through the design of the optical fiber structure, it can become a convenient and trace detection sensor. − With the development of microfabricated optical fiber technology, some optical fibers, such as microstructured hollow fiber (MHF) with special structures, have become excellent natural optofluidic devices using their special structures. , There is a microchannel that can hold a small amount of liquid in the MHF. − In particular, the suspended core attached to the intersurface of the microchannel can be modified with SERS substrates with online trace detection, high efficiency, and low loss.…”