The Rise of Graphene Photonic Crystal Fibers

Abstract

2D graphene with tremendous novel properties is an ideal material for optical and optoelectronic applications. Meanwhile, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have been recognized as next-generation optical fibers that possess a designable porous structure, rich functions, and different working mechanisms. Recently, the integration of graphene with a PCF has formed a new hybrid fiber, a graphene photonic crystal fiber (Gr-PCF), which exhibits an extremely strong and tunable light-matter interaction across a broadband spectrum range and opens up a new interdisciplinary research direction. In this review, recent studies on, and achievements in graphene-traditional fibers and Gr-PCFs have been summarized from the aspects of the development process, preparation method, and device application. First, the graphene properties and the development and characteristics of PCFs are introduced. The discussion is continued with the existing fabrication technologies for hybrid graphene-traditional fibers. Next, the chemical vapor deposition method for Gr-PCFs is elaborated. Then, fiber devices based on graphene-traditional fibers, Gr-PCFs, and other 2D material fibers are presented. To conclude, challenges and perspectives are presented to encourage advanced Gr-PCF study.

Recent advances in density functional theory approach for optoelectronics properties of graphene

“…2 (a)–(e). This one-atom-thick layer of graphite called graphene demonstrates an extremely strong absorption for a monolayer atom that is wavelength-independent [ 39 ]. However, graphene has a gapless band structure, and the total absorption and quantum efficiency are still poor.…”

“…It has very high carrier mobilities ( 200,000 ) [ [16] , [17] , [18] ], unusual linear dispersion around the Dirac point [ 19 , 20 ], ultrahigh thermal conductivities ( ) [ [21] , [22] , [23] ], room temperature ballistic carrier transport [ 24 , 25 ], large surface area (2630 ) [ [26] , [27] , [28] ], a Young's Modulus of 1 TPa [ 29 , 30 ], broadband optical absorbance (2.3%) [ [31] , [32] , [33] ], and a robust crystal structure, all of which reveal the material's high quality and suggest its prospects for future optoelectronic devices [ [34] , [35] , [36] ]. However, its use in optoelectronics is limited due to its zero bandgap and relatively poor structural tunability [ [37] , [38] , [39] ]. Therefore, several reports have established different approaches to induce a sizeable band gap and efficiently modulate the intrinsic properties of graphene by stacking configuration, mechanical strain, electric and magnetic fields, and heteroatom chemical doping via DFT methods for next-generation electronics with designer functionalities [ [40] , [41] , [42] ].…”

MXene Fibers for Flexible and Wearable Electronics: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives

“…In addition, new one‐dimensional functional fibers also need to have good electrical, electrochemical, electronic and other characteristics to achieve one or more functions such as sensing and energy storage of flexible wearable electronic textiles. A variety of functional active materials such as carbon nanotubes, [3] , silver nanowires, [4] graphene, [5] conductive polymers [6] and MXene [7] have been applied to the design and preparation of new one‐dimensional functional fibers. Integrating these new one‐dimensional functional fibers into textiles can collect physiological signals from the human body in real time and process and analyze the collected signals to achieve information interaction between humans and the outside world.…”

Highly sensitive plasmonic sensor based on eccentric-core photonic crystal fibers

“…Their unique properties provide new methods and ideas for non-linear transmission, tunable dispersion, high birefringence, controllable mode field area, high power transmission, and the polarization regulation of optical fibers. 4…”

“…Their unique properties provide new methods and ideas for nonlinear transmission, tunable dispersion, high birefringence, controllable mode field area, high power transmission, and the polarization regulation of optical fibers. 4 Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing is a sensing technology that can realize high sensitivity and real-time monitoring without fluorescent labeling. [5][6][7][8][9] It offers significant advantages in the sensing field and has attracted many scientific researchers to study it.…”