3-D Survey Applied to Industrial Archaeology by TLS Methodology

Abstract

This work describes the three-dimensional survey of "Ex Stazione Frigorifera Specializzata": initially used for agricultural storage, during the years it was allocated to different uses until the complete neglect. The historical relevance and the architectural heritage that this building represents has brought the start of a recent renovation project and functional restoration. In this regard it was necessary a global 3-D survey that was based on the application and integration of different geomatic methodologies (mainly terrestrial laser scanner, classical topography, and GNSS). The acquisitions of point clouds was performed using different laser scanners: with time of flight (TOF) and phase shift technologies for the distance measurements. The topographic reference network, needed for scans alignment in the same system, was measured with a total station. For the complete survey of the building, 122 scans were acquired and 346 targets were measured from 79 vertices of the reference network. Moreover, 3 vertices were measured with GNSS methodology in order to georeference the network. For the detail survey of machine room were executed 14 scans with 23 targets. The 3-D global model of the building have less than one centimeter of error in the alignment (for the machine room the error in alignment is not greater than 6 mm) and was used to extract products such as longitudinal and transversal sections, plans, architectural perspectives, virtual scans A complete spatial knowledge of the building is obtained from the processed data, providing basic information for restoration project, structural analysis, industrial and architectural heritage valorization.

Combining Sentinel-1 Interferometry and Ground-Based Geomatics Techniques for Monitoring Buildings Affected by Mass Movements

“…TLS acquisitions were performed using the Leica ScanStation P20, characterized by a precision of 2 mm and 8" in distance and angular measurement, respectively [42]. In the surrounding area of the two analyzed buildings, two local topographic networks were defined and measured using the total station Leica TCR1201 for the survey of the targets necessary to align the TLS scans [43,44]. The local networks are composed by five points in Cappellazzi district and six points in the Rovegliana Church area.…”

Protocol Development for Point Clouds, Triangulated Meshes and Parametric Model Acquisition and Integration in an HBIM Workflow for Change Control and Management in a UNESCO’s World Heritage Site

“…Each campaign had different degrees of intensity: the greater the area studied, the less detail. The first campaign covered an area of more than 7578 m 2 and in the second campaign the study area was reduced to 1798.94 m 2 to allow a more detailed and accurate study.…”

“…The way in which we understand our historic centers today is subject to constant changes derived from the tools [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] we use to interpret them, especially digital tools and data acquisition and processing procedures. These new digital tools are expanding our capacities to study the city and increasing our research scope.…”

Terrestrial Laser Scanner for the Formal Assessment of a Roman-Medieval Structure—The Cloister of the Cathedral of Tarragona (Spain)

“…The appearance of massive data capture techniques has raised countless applications in very diverse disciplines, such as geomorphology [1], volcanology [2], prototyping [3], construction materials [4], and also cultural heritage [5], both architectural and archaeological. In these areas, we find numerous works based on surveys carried out mainly with a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) [6,7], digital photogrammetry [8,9], or a combination of both [10,11]. The reliability and accuracy of these systems has been extensively tested and verified [12][13][14].…”