Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women: systematic review and meta-analysis

Shen, Deqiang; Zhang, X; Li, Z; Bai, Hao; Chen, L

doi:10.1080/13697137.2017.1384952

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This systematic review suggests that increasing omega-3 has little or no effect on functional status, though it may increase BMD a little. There is some evidence from reviews of shorter duration trials that omega-3 improves skeletal muscle outcomes [21] and decreases osteocalcin [19]. However, if such effects are not maintained over the longer term their utility is very limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous systematic reviews evaluating the effects of omega-3, omega-6 or total PUFA on skeletal muscle and bone health, sarcopenia or fracture risk have been limited to specific PUFAs (usually omega-3) [19][20][21][22], specific population subgroups (e.g. post-menopausal women) [19] or specific outcomes (e.g. bone markers or osteoporosis) [23] and most did not meta-analyse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Relationship Between Omega-3, Omega-6 and Total Polyunsaturated Fat and Musculoskeletal Health and Functional Status in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of RCTs

et al. 2019

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We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of increasing dietary omega-3, omega-6 and mixed polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on musculoskeletal health, functional status, sarcopenia and risk of fractures. We searched Medline, Embase, The Cochrane library, ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) databases for Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) of adults evaluating the effects of higher versus lower oral omega-3, omega-6 or mixed PUFA for ≥ 6 months on musculoskeletal and functional outcomes. We included 28 RCTs (7288 participants, 31 comparisons), 23 reported effects of omega-3, one of omega-6 and four of mixed total PUFA. Participants and doses were heterogeneous. Six omega-3 trials were judged at low summary risk of bias. We found low-quality evidence that increasing omega-3 increased lumbar spine BMD by 2.6% (0.03 g/cm 2 , 95% CI − 0.02 to 0.07, 463 participants). There was also the suggestion of an increase in femoral neck BMD (of 4.1%), but the evidence was of very low quality. There may be little or no effect of omega-3 on functional outcomes and bone mass; effects on other outcomes were unclear. Only one study reported on effects of omega-6 with very limited data. Increasing total PUFA had little or no effect on BMD or indices of fatfree (skeletal) muscle mass (low-quality evidence); no data were available on fractures, BMD or functional status and data on bone turnover markers were limited. Trials assessing effects of increasing omega-3, omega-6 and total PUFA on functional status, bone and skeletal muscle strength are limited with data lacking or of low quality. Whilst there is an indication that omega-3 may improve BMD, high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm this and effects on other musculoskeletal outcomes. Keywords Fatty acids omega-3 • Musculoskeletal physiological phenomena • Bone density • Muscle strength • Fatty acids omega-6 • Fatty acids unsaturated • Meta-analysis • Randomised controlled trial • Aged • Alpha-linolenic acid • Docosahexaenoic acids • Eicosapentaenoic acid Systematic review registration-PROSPERO 2017 CRD42017079211. The members of the PUFAH group are listed in Acknowledgement section.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Omega-3, Omega-6 and Total Polyunsaturated Fat and Musculoskeletal Health and Functional Status in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of RCTs

et al. 2019

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“…Fish and seafood are rich in PUFAs, especially n-3 FAs, which are known to have an anti-inflammatory effect that improves bone quality [53]. A meta-analysis conducted by Shen et al showed that omega-3 fatty acids reduced osteocalcin serum levels in postmenopausal women, but no significant decrease in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was found [54]. A study performed with a dairy product enriched in PUFAs, calcium, oleic acid and vitamins to evaluate their effects on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women showed favorable changes in some bone metabolism markers, such as an increase in vitamin D levels and a decrease in both PTH and RANKL, but did not show changes in other bone turnover markers or serum OPG [55].…”

Section: Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Other Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrients and Dietary Patterns Related to Osteoporosis

2020

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Osteoporosis is a common chronic disease characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density, impaired bone strength, and an increased risk of fragility fractures. Fragility fractures are associated with significant morbidity, mortality and disability and are a major public health problem worldwide. The influence of nutritional factors on the development and progression of this disease can be significant and is not yet well established. Calcium intake and vitamin D status are considered to be essential for bone metabolism homeostasis. However, some recent studies have questioned the usefulness of calcium and vitamin D supplements in decreasing the risk of fractures. The adequate intake of protein, vegetables and other nutrients is also of interest, and recommendations have been established by expert consensus and clinical practice guidelines. It is important to understand the influence of nutrients not only in isolation but also in the context of a dietary pattern, which is a complex mixture of nutrients. In this review, we evaluate the available scientific evidence for the effects of the main dietary patterns on bone health. Although some dietary patterns seem to have beneficial effects, more studies are needed to fully elucidate the true influence of diet on bone fragility.

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“…Dong et al demonstrated that the supplementation of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid (1.2 g per day) did not result in statistically significant differences in osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase [ 37 ]. Furthermore, n-3 fatty acid supplementation did not significantly alter bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and type I collagen-telopeptide levels, although it decreased the osteocalcin level [ 38 ]. The twenty-four-week supplementation of n-3 fatty acid in combination with aerobic exercise reduced chronic inflammation and increased BMD in postmenopausal women [ 39 ].…”

Section: Proteins Fats and Carbohydrates Intake In Ibd And The Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrients in the Prevention of Osteoporosis in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

et al. 2020

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The chronic character of inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, results in various complications. One of them is osteoporosis, manifested by low bone mineral density, which leads to an increased risk of fractures. The aetiology of low bone mineral density is multifactorial and includes both diet and nutritional status. Calcium and vitamin D are the most often discussed nutrients with regard to bone mineral density. Moreover, vitamins A, K, C, B12; folic acid; calcium; phosphorus; magnesium; sodium; zinc; copper; and selenium are also involved in the formation of bone mass. Patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases frequently consume inadequate amounts of the aforementioned minerals and vitamins or their absorption is disturbed, resulting innutritional deficiency and an increased risk of osteoporosis. Thus, nutritional guidelines for inflammatory bowel disease patients should comprise information concerning the prevention of osteoporosis.

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Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract: CRD42016053219 ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ ).

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

The Relationship Between Omega-3, Omega-6 and Total Polyunsaturated Fat and Musculoskeletal Health and Functional Status in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of RCTs

The Relationship Between Omega-3, Omega-6 and Total Polyunsaturated Fat and Musculoskeletal Health and Functional Status in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of RCTs

Nutrients and Dietary Patterns Related to Osteoporosis

Nutrients in the Prevention of Osteoporosis in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

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