Nutrients and Dietary Patterns Related to Osteoporosis

Abstract

<jats:p>Osteoporosis is a common chronic disease characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density, impaired bone strength, and an increased risk of fragility fractures. Fragility fractures are associated with significant morbidity, mortality and disability and are a major public health problem worldwide. The influence of nutritional factors on the development and progression of this disease can be significant and is not yet well established. Calcium intake and vitamin D status are considered to be essential for bone metabolism homeostasis. However, some recent studies have questioned the usefulness of calcium and vitamin D supplements in decreasing the risk of fractures. The adequate intake of protein, vegetables and other nutrients is also of interest, and recommendations have been established by expert consensus and clinical practice guidelines. It is important to understand the influence of nutrients not only in isolation but also in the context of a dietary pattern, which is a complex mixture of nutrients. In this review, we evaluate the available scientific evidence for the effects of the main dietary patterns on bone health. Although some dietary patterns seem to have beneficial effects, more studies are needed to fully elucidate the true influence of diet on bone fragility.</jats:p>

Effects of β-Cryptoxanthin on Improvement in Osteoporosis Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

“…The physiological aspects of osteoporotic risk depend on sex, particularly in postmenopausal women. Therefore, a daily diet with sufficient vitamins, calcium, and carotenoids is particularly crucial to postmenopausal women [ 3 ]. Our findings emphasize the important relationship between a diet rich in BCX and the risk of osteoporosis and fractures in pre- and postmenopausal women [ 3 ].…”

“…Therefore, a daily diet with sufficient vitamins, calcium, and carotenoids is particularly crucial to postmenopausal women [ 3 ]. Our findings emphasize the important relationship between a diet rich in BCX and the risk of osteoporosis and fractures in pre- and postmenopausal women [ 3 ]. The effect on the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis was once again confirmed in another meta-analysis on observational studies, wherein high consumption of vegetables and fruits significantly reduced osteoporosis risk [ 51 ].…”

“…Hip fracture, a prevalent complication associated with low hip BMD, is positively associated with osteoporosis, especially in the elderly population [ 2 ]. Notably, several reports have stated that nutrients including calcium, vitamin D, and carotenoids-enriched fruits and vegetables and dietary regulations can reduce osteoporosis risk [ 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Is a Healthy Diet Also Suitable for the Prevention of Fragility Fractures?

“…The table depicts the traditional components that were presented in the publication by Trichopoulou et al [ 64 ]. After submission of our narrative review, another review on nutrients and dietary patterns related to osteoporosis has also been published [ 65 ].…”

Role of Vitamin C in Osteoporosis Development and Treatment—A Literature Review

“…In the guidelines on osteoporosis management issued by the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and the International Osteoporosis Foundation, precise recommendations on daily calcium and vitamin D intake have been defined [ 5 ]. The importance of other nutrients on preserving high bone mineral density has been suggested and pathways in which these compounds affect bone metabolism are being investigated [ 6 ]. Furthermore, dietary choices influence the composition of gut microbiota, a complex network of microorganisms capable of metabolizing foodstuffs into metabolically active compounds influencing the host homeostasis.…”