The use of herbs against neglected diseases: Evaluation of in vitro leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity of Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart

Abstract

The evaluation of the leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of the bark of Mart. (EHCSR) was carried out to find an alternative treatment for parasitic diseases. EHCSR was prepared and used at four different concentrations (1000, 500, 250, 125 μg/mL) in assays for activity against Leishmania promastigotes using the species and and for trypanocidal activity using the epimastigotes of . We also tested EHCSR for cytotoxicity against adhered cultured Murine J774 fibroblasts. The tests were performed in triplicate, and the percent mortality of parasites, IC and percent toxicity were determined. With regard to anti-leishmania activity against , there was a mean mortality of 45% at all concentrations, and against, a substantial effect was seen at 1000 μg/mL with 56.38% mortality, where the IC values were 1338.76 and 987.35 μg/mL, respectively. Trypanocidal activity was notably high at 1000 μg/mL extract with 82.31% mortality of epimastigotes. Cytotoxicity at the highest extract concentrations of 500 and 1000 μg/mL was respectively 75.12% and 94.14%, with IC = 190.24 μg/mL. Despite that the extract has anti-parasitic activity, its substantial cytotoxicity against fibroblasts cells makes its systemic use nonviable as a therapeutic alternative.

Analysis of the Variability of Therapeutic Indications of Medicinal Species in the Northeast of Brazil: Comparative Study

“…It is traditionally used by northeastern Brazilian populations for various types of inflammation, such as uterine, general, skin, and throat inflammation, as well as being potentially indicated as a cicatrizant and for the treatment of cancer [72]. It is considered a promising species for bioprospecting, since it has already demonstrated activity as an antioxidant [73], leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity [74], and antimicrobial activity [75, 76]. …”

Stryphnodendron Species Known as “Barbatimão”: A Comprehensive Report

“…Gallic acid exhibited the best inhibition (50% of promastigote inhibition at 1.7 µg/mL), followed by the epigallocatechin 3- O -gallate [ 65 ]. The hydroalcoholic extract of S. rotundifolium was also tested against L. brasiliensis and L. infantum promastigotes and T. cruzi epimastigotes and the mortality rates at 1000 µg/mL were of 56, 45, and 82%, respectively [ 144 ]. This observation indicates that the best activity of S. rotundifolium was achieved with the organic fraction and gallic acid was the most active compound against L. amazonensis .…”

“…The same samples were not cytotoxic at 50% (50% cytotoxic concentration, CC 50 ) of Vero and macrophages J774G8 cells up to 100 µg/mL and showed hemagglutinant effect above 500 µg/mL [ 42 ]. Likewise, the ethanolic extract, aqueous, and organic fractions of S. rotundifolium and the isolated compounds gallic acid, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, catechin, and epigallocatechin 3- O -gallate showed CC 50 against macrophages at 100-300 µg/mL and did not cause lysis of human red blood cells [ 65 ]; the hydroalcoholic extract of S. rotundifolium showed CC 50 against fibroblast cells at 190.24 µg/mL [ 144 ]. According to all these reports, it is important to pay attention to the active concentration of samples to each biological activity and evaluate whether the cytotoxic concentration is smaller to indicate safe use.…”

Leishmaniose E Plantas Medicinais: Uma Revisão

“…A outra forma evolutiva são os amastigotos, não flagelados, que se localizam no interior dos macrófagos do hospedeiro (MANS et al, 2016). Animais domésticos podem servir como reservatórios, especialmente o cachorro, e a falta de tratamento e vacinas efetivas para esses animais torna difícil o controle da doença (VANDESMET et al, 2015).…”