Stryphnodendron spp., popularly known as “barbatimão”, is the native Brazilian tree most often employed to treat wounds and infections. The aim of the present study was to highlight the importance of S. adstringens, as well as other Stryphnodendron species recognized as “barbatimão”, to human health, depicting the relevance of ethnopharmacological knowledge to scientific evidence for uses, related chemical compounds, development of pharmaceutical formulations, and the establishment of toxicity parameters. For this purpose, the literature databases PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, CAPES Thesis and Google Scholar were searched until 2017. It was observed that stem bark was the primary part of the plant used, mainly as a decoction, for wound healing and treatment of infectious and inflammatory disorders. Confirmed biological activities, including wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities, were related to the presence of compounds from tannin class, mostly proanthocyanidins. Toxicity parameters for stem bark were inconclusive, but toxicity was observed to a significant extent when seeds were ingested by cattle or other animals. Due to these important and confirmed biological activities, government policy encourages the phytotherapic use of S. adstringens, and some formulations with stem bark extracts were developed and patented. Furthermore, antiprotozoal, hypoglycemic and antiviral activities were identified as promising.
Tagetes patula L. shows a complex chemical composition, ranging from glycosylated flavonoids and thiophenes in extracts until terpenoids in the essential oil. In the present study, due to this rich flavonoidic constitution, its antioxidant potential was determined, having shown values of antiradical percentage superior to reference compounds, mainly the extracts prepared with flowers. Previous studies performed emphasized the acaricide potential of T. patula and thus, the present study aimed to verify the action of extractives obtained from aerial parts on growth of entomopathogenic fungi related to biological control of brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus and the action against pathogenic fungi closely associated with pets. None of the samples inhibited the growth of strains of Beauveria bassiana or Metarhizium anisopliae, enabling feasible future studies of synergism on acaricide activity of formulations containing fungi and extracts. The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of flowers (FlEtOH70%) against Microsporum canis and Trichophyton rubrum was significant (193.3 μg/mL and 253.9 μg/mL, respectively), as well as ethanolic extract from aerial parts (APEtOH70%) against T. rubrum (312.5 μg/mL). In order to ensure the safety of a topical formulation containing the extractives of T. patula, the cytotoxic potential of these samples were tested in murine macrophages cells. At higher concentrations all extracts were quite lethal, with IC50 ranging from 210.96 μg/mL to 468.75 μg/mL for APEtOH70% and FlEtOH70%, respectively. These results suggest that the application of a product containing T. patula extractives in the control of ticks could be used, at principle, only on the environment.
ABSTRACT. The production of enzymes using agro-industrial waste is a low cost alternative for the reuse of byproducts, with the subsequent impact decrease on the environment. Current analysis produced xylanase using fungus Aspergillus niger, with two types of wastewater generated during the pulp chemical bleaching phase as inducers. Xylanase was produced by submerged liquid fermentation and factorial design optimized parameters that influence production (concentration of wastewater and production period). Initial culture conditions (pH, temperature and agitation) were optimized independently. Alkaline wastewater was more effective than acidic wastewater for the induction of xylanase in optimized conditions: 50% of culture medium, 7-day production, 30°C, pH 6.0 and agitation at 160 rpm. Despite different results, acidic and alkaline wastewaters induced xylanase production by A. niger when employed in concentrations lower than or equal to 50% of culture medium and in the most optimal conditions described above. Alkaline wastewater is highlighted as the most efficient for such production.Keywords: enzyme, Aspergillus niger, factorial design, agro-industrial waste, xylanase.Reutilização de efluentes da indústria de celulose para otimização da produção de xilanase fúngica RESUMO. A produção de enzimas, a partir de resíduos agroindustriais, é uma alternativa para reutilização destes subprodutos como substrato de baixo custo reduzindo seu impacto causado pelo descarte no meio ambiente. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi a produção de xilanase por Aspergillus niger, utilizando dois efluentes gerados nas fases de branqueamento químico de polpa de celulose como indutores. A produção de xilanase foi realizada por fermentação líquida submersa, e utilizou-se planejamento fatorial para otimização dos parâmetros influentes de produção (concentração de efluentes e período de produção) e as condições iniciais de cultivo (pH, temperatura e agitação) foram otimizadas de forma independente. O efluente alcalino se mostrou mais efetivo do que o efluente com característica ácida, na indução de xilanase em condições otimizadas: 50% em relação ao meio de cultura, sete dias de produção, 30°C, pH 6,0 e agitação de 160 rpm. Conclui-se que ambos os efluentes, ácido e alcalino, apesar de levarem a diferentes resultados, são capazes de induzir a produção de xilanase por A. niger quando empregues em concentrações menores ou iguais a 50% em relação ao meio de cultura e nas condições ótimas descritas acima, destacandose o efluente alcalino como mais eficiente para produção de tal enzima.Palavras-chave: enzima, Aspergillus niger, planejamento fatorial, indústria de celulose, xilanase.
RESUMOO presente estudo terá por objetivo principal analisar a cobertura vacinal do Estado de São Paulo, ressaltando a participação da Macrorregião de Piracicaba (RRAS 14) e do município de Araras, sede da Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, onde os estudantes de medicina da instituição atuam mais ativamente. Ademais, tem por objetivo específico relacionar a baixa cobertura vacinal do Sarampo com a reemergência da doença, além de destacar o seu alto grau de contagiosidade. Para isso, serão utilizados dados do Instituto
RESUMOOs grãos de Kefir são constituídos por uma matriz de polissacarídeos, ricos em micro-organismos simbióticos, gerando após a fermentação de açúcares, uma bebida probiótica que recebe o mesmo nome. A vasta população microbiana presente nestes grãos, incluindo leveduras e bactérias, oferece diversas características únicas à bebida. Estudos apontam que esta possui efeitos antitumorais, anti-inflamatórios, antimicrobiano, modulatório do sistema imune, anticolesterolêmico, dentre outros, devido as moléculas secretadas pelas células microbianas presente no microambiente dos grãos de Kefir. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi isolar e identificar, presuntivamente, leveduras presentes nos grãos de Kefir, possíveis produtoras de produtos de interesse biotecnológico. Para tanto, foram utilizados grãos da região de Bauru/SP, mantidos em fermentação em água/açúcar mascavo e em leite. Em seguida, os grãos foram triturados e semeados em ágar Sabouraud com cloranfenicol. Os isolados com características macroscópicas leveduriformes foram analisados por exame direto, prova do tubo germinativo e prova da ureia. Os dados obtidos foram comparados com atlas micológicos e chaves de identificação. No total foram isoladas seis colônias diferentes com presença de leveduras como Candida sp. e Saccharomyces sp., que possuem grande relevância para os processos biotecnológicos.Palavras-chave: Bebida probiótica; Leveduras; Simbiose; Biotecnologia. ABSTRACT Presumptive identification of yeasts of biotechnological interest in kefir grains.Kefir's grains consist of a matrix of polysaccharides, rich in symbiotic microorganisms, generating a probiotic drink that receives the same name, after the fermentation of sugars. The vast microbial population present in these grains, including yeasts and bacteria, offers several characteristics unique to the drink. Studies indicate that it has effects antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, modulatory immune system, anticholesterolemic, among others, due to molecules secreted by the microbial cells present in the microenvironment of Kefir's grains. Therefore, the objective of this study was to isolate and identify, presumptively, yeasts present in the Kefir grains, possibly capable of producing products of biotechnological interest. For this purpose, grains from the Bauru/SP region were used, kept in fermentation in water/brown sugar and milk. Then the grains were seeded and ground on Sabouraud agar with chloramphenicol. Isolates with macroscopic yeast characteristics were analyzed by direct examination, germ tube test and urea test. The data obtained were compared with mycological atlases and identification keys. In total, were isolated six different colonies with the presence of yeasts such as Candida sp. and Saccharomyces sp., which have great relevance for biotechnological processes.
Dermatophytoses is a fungal infection responsible for cutaneous mycoses caused by dermatophytes, a classification of filamentous fungi and queratinofílicos, able to degrade keratin present in skin, nails and hair. This is a public health problem that affects 20 to 25% of the world's population. The infections caused by dermatophytes reach mainly developing countries, hot and humid climate, factors that promote your spread. The principal genera of dermatophytes: Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton. For the treatment of dermatophytoses antifungal medications are used and the irrational use of these drugs has contributed to the increase of the resistance against the dermatophytes. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the resistance profile of fungi causing dermatophytoses in the face of the main antifungals and to highlight the importance of adequate treatment. We performed a review of the scientific literature was conducted based on the databases Bireme, PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar, Science Research and ResearchGate, considering articles published between 2014 and 2019. Were used as key words: tinea, dermatophytes, dermatophytoses, national and international. We found 127 articles, after reading the titles, abstracts and texts, articles that did not refer to the chosen theme were excluded. The resistance rates of these fungi to commonly used antifungals are increasing and measures such as avoiding misuse, without medical guidance, the use of inadequate doses and stopping treatment before cure, can contribute to the reduction of these numbers. In addition, we highlight the need for studies that can contribute to the development of new therapeutic options and to the orientation of the importance of rational use of antifungals.
Purpose: To study the influence of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) on tissue reaction when incorporated into a polymeric matrix of polyacrylic acid-based (Carbopol ® ) gel as a proposal for a new low-cost type of biomaterial that is simple to manufacture for use as an antimicrobial and antioxidative dressing. Methods: In-vivo tests of implantation in the subcutaneous tissue of the back of rats were performed using polyethylene tubes in three situations: empty, only the gel, and gel incorporated with AgNP. Then, the tissue reaction was studied by counting inflammatory cells. Additionally, in-vitro tests of the antioxidative and antimicrobial activity of AgNP were performed. The radical 2,2 diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used to test the antioxidative activity of AgNP using electron spin resonance. The antimicrobial activity of AgNP was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration against the microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Escherichia coli . Results: The results indicated that AgNP presents antioxidative activity and was able to inhibit the growth of the microorganisms tested. The addition of AgNP in Carbopol ® did not alter the tissue inflammatory response (p > 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis’s test). Conclusions: The new biomaterial is promising for future use as a dressing for its beneficial properties for regenerative processes.
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