Leishmania (L.) amazonensis [L. (L.) amazonensis] is widely distributed in Brazil and its symptomatic infections usually lead to few localized lesions and sometimes to diffuse cutaneous form, with nodules throughout the body, anergy to parasite antigens and poor therapeutic response. The variability of these manifestations draws attention to the need for studies on the pathophysiology of infection by this species. In this study, we analysed the course and immunological aspects of L. (L.) amazonensis infection in BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains, both susceptible, but displaying different clinical courses, and athymic BALB/c nude, to illustrate the role of T cell dependent responses. We analysed footpad thickness and parasite burden by in vivo imaging. Furthermore, we evaluated the cellular profile and cytokine production in lymph nodes and the inflammatory infiltrates of lesions. Nude mice showed delayed lesion development and less inflammatory cells in lesions, but higher parasite burden than BALB/c and C57BL/6. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice had similar parasite burdens, lesion sizes and infiltrates until 6 weeks after infection, and after that C57BL/6 mice controlled the infection. Small differences in parasite numbers were observed in C57BL/6 macrophages in vitro, indicating that in vivo milieu accounts for most differences in infection. We believe our results shed light on the role of host immune system in the course of L. (L.) amazonensis infection by comparing three mouse strains that differ in parasitaemia and inflammatory cells.
Leishmaniasis is an important disease that affects 12 million people in 88 countries, with 2 million new cases every year. Leishmania amazonensis is an important agent in Brazil, leading to clinical forms varying from localized (LCL) to diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL). One interesting issue rarely analyzed is how host immune response affects Leishmania phenotype and virulence. Aiming to study the effect of host immune system on Leishmania proteins we compared proteomes of amastigotes isolated from BALB/c and BALB/c nude mice. The athymic nude mice may resemble patients with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, considered T-cell hyposensitive or anergic to Leishmania´s antigens. This work is the first to compare modifications in amastigotes’ proteomes driven by host immune response. Among the 44 differentially expressed spots, there were proteins related to oxidative/nitrosative stress and proteases. Some correspond to known Leishmania virulence factors such as OPB and tryparedoxin peroxidase. Specific isoforms of these two proteins were increased in parasites from nude mice, suggesting that T cells probably restrain their posttranslational modifications in BALB/c mice. On the other hand, an isoform of HSP70 was increased in amastigotes from BALB/c mice. We believe our study may allow identification of potential virulence factors and ways of regulating their expression.
American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) was studied in 143 dogs in a rural area in the county of Mariluz, northwestern Paraná State, Brazil, using direct parasite search, indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thirty-nine dogs (27.3%) presented lesions suggestive of the disease, 5 (12.8%) of which were positive in direct parasite search and PCR (lesion), and of these 5, 4 were also positive by IIF. Of the 34 dogs with negative direct parasite search, 12 (35.3%) had PCR-positive lesions, and of these, 5 were also IIF-positive. One hundred and four dogs had no lesions, but 17/101 (16.8%) were IIF-positive. PCR in blood was positive in 10/38 (26.3%) of the dogs with lesions and in 16/104 (15.4%) of dogs without lesions. The association between PCR (lesion or blood), direct parasite search, and IIF detected 24/39 (61.5%) positive results among symptomatic dogs and 31/104 (29.8%) among asymptomatic animals. PCR was useful for diagnosing ATL, but there was no correlation between lesions, serology, and plasma PCR. Furthermore, detection of parasite DNA in the blood may indicate hematogenous parasite dissemination.
Basidiomycetes can bioaccumulate high iron contents, but there are few studies on iron availability from the mycelial biomass in order to support their use as an iron-enriched fungal food. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro iron bioaccumulation and availability in the mycelial biomass of edible and medicinal basidiomycetes grown in two distinct culture media. Lentinus crinitus , Ganoderma lucidum , Schizophyllum commune , Pleurotus ostreatus , Pleurotus eryngii , Lentinula edodes , and Agaricus subrufescens were grown in liquid culture medium of malt extract or sugarcane molasses to obtain iron-bioaccumulated mycelial biomass. P. ostreatus was the fungus that most bioaccumulated iron, followed by S. commune , and P. eryngii ; they also had the highest mycelial biomass growth and iron transfer from the culture medium to the mycelial biomass. Mycelial iron availability is species-specific, regardless of the culture medium and the iron bioaccumulation capacity of the fungus in the mycelial biomass. Mycelial biomass of S. commune , followed by G. lucidum , P. ostreatus , and P. eryngii , associated with molasses culture medium, are the best choice for the production of iron-enriched mycelial biomass.
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar um estudo etnobotânico de plantas medicinais utilizadas por moradores de uma área rural de um município do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Foram entrevistados 91 moradores de uma área definida, no período de maio a outubro de 2019. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado um questionário semiestruturado. A análise qualitativa dos dados foi realizada por meio do programa Stata 12. Além da estatística descritiva, foi calculada a estatística χ2 (Qui-quadrado) para verificar a associação entre renda e uso de plantas medicinais e escolaridade e uso de plantas medicinais. O perfil dos pesquisados expôs a prevalência de mulheres (91,21%), paranaenses (59,34%), descendentes de italianos (58,24), agricultores (58,24%), católicos (96,70%), casados (72,53%), com ensino fundamental incompleto (56,04%) e renda de até dois salários mínimos (58,24%). O conhecimento sobre as plantas medicinais foi obtido dos ancestrais (86,81%). As plantas são utilizadas porque são naturais (71,43%) e são cultivadas principalmente na propriedade.
A prática do uso de plantas medicinais, pelo homem, para se alimentar, para curar ou aliviar doenças é milenar e o conhecimento sobre ela vem sendo transmitido de geração a geração através dos tempos. A Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) estima que 80% da população de países em desenvolvimento faz uso dessa prática. O conhecimento sobre as plantas medicinais pode e deve ser considerado como campo de interação de saberes e práticas que valorizam os recursos culturais, preservando a biodiversidade. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil dos agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) de um município do Estado do Paraná e sua relação com plantas medicinais. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo transversal, qualitativo com 123 ACS, cuja análise exploratória dos dados foi realizada no programa Stata 12, onde se identificou que os ACS em sua maioria são mulheres de descendência italiana, religião católica, casadas, com ensino médio e renda entre 2 e 4 salários mínimos, conhecem e/ou utilizam plantas medicinais, obtiveram esse conhecimento por meio de seus pais, cultivam as plantas em casa, as utilizam por ser recurso terapêutico natural e principalmente têm o hábito de difundir conhecimentos sobre plantas medicinais.
Exceto onde especificado diferentemente, a matéria publicada neste periódico é licenciada sob forma de uma licença Creative Commons -Atribuição 4. //dx.doi.org/10.17058/reci.v8i3.11438 Páginas 01 de 08 não para fins de citação Justificativa e Objetivos: A sepse é um problema de saúde pública que gera impacto clínico e econômico. O estudo objetiva descrever as características epidemiológicas e clínicas da sepse em um hospital público do Paraná. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo exploratória, documental, retrospectiva, com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados de prontuários de pacientes admitidos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva adulto de janeiro de 2012 a janeiro de 2017, para isso utilizou-se um checklist com variáveis clínicas e demográficas. Foram inclusos todos os prontuários de pacientes internados no setor que apresentaram sepse no momento da internação ou desenvolvida após a admissão. Foi realizada análise de frequência descritiva, distribuição das variáveis independentes e significância pelo teste de Qui-quadrado.Resultados: De um total de 1.557 prontuários, foram incluídos 1112 (71,4%), os quais foram classificados com síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica (13,9%), sepse (39,1 %) ou choque séptico (47,0 %). Houve predominância de pacientes do sexo masculino (55,8%), faixa etária maior de 70 anos (36,3%) e cor branca (92,6%). O tempo de internação foi de até uma semana (50,4%). Prevaleceram pacientes clínicos (42,4%), com infecção nosocomial encontrada em 50,2% dos casos. As principais fontes de infecção foram pulmão (32,9%) e ferida cirúrgica (23,5%). Entre as causas de admissão, complicações respiratórias (19,5%) e politrauma (9,3%) foram as mais frequentes. As culturas foram positivas em 29,7% dos casos, em sua maioria bacilos gram negativos (12,1%). A mortalidade na SIRS, na sepse e no choque séptico foi de 0,3%, 30,1%, 33,0%, respectivamente. Conclusão: O estudo evidenciou que a sepse acometeu em sua maioria idosos do sexo masculino, e que o foco infecioso foi de origem pulmonar em âmbito nosocomial. Observou-se ainda elevadas taxas de mortalidade, principalmente em casos de choque séptico. Descritores: Sepse. Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Epidemiologia. Background and Objectives:Sepsis is a public health problem that causes clinical and economic impact. The objective of this study was to identify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of sepsis in a public hospital. Methods: This is an exploratory field research, documental, retrospective, with quantitative approach. Data were collected from patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit from January 2012 to January 2017, for which a checklist with clinical and demographic variables was used. We included all patients from hospitalized patients who had sepsis at the time of admission or after admission. Descriptive frequency analysis, Distribution of previous variables and significance were obtained by the Chi-square test. Results: Of a total of 1,557 medical records, 1112 (71,4%) were included in the study, whic...
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