Sex, love and money along the Namibian-Angolan border

Pinho, Adriana de Araújo; Sampaio, Camila Alves Machado; Monteiro, Simone; Murray, Laura; Bastos, Francisco Inácio

doi:10.1080/13691058.2016.1150512

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Among FSW in Tijuana, and elsewhere, dire socioeconomic conditions are reported as a primary reason underlying their entry and ongoing involvement in sex work[ 14 – 22 ]. Notably, studies among FSW in South America, sub-Saharan Africa, the US, and South Asia have found that economic vulnerability (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic vulnerability, violence, and sexual risk factors for HIV among female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico

et al. 2022

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Economic vulnerability is often reported to underlie involvement in sex work among female sex workers (FSW), but may also create urgency in women’s work, limiting women’s negotiating power with clients and in turn, increasing their vulnerability for violence and HIV. This study assessed economic vulnerability in relation to violence and sexual risk behaviors for HIV among a sample of FSW in Tijuana, Mexico. FSW at least 18 years of age were recruited through venue-based sampling for a survey (n = 228) and in-depth interviews (n = 50) to investigate HIV risk factors in this region. Using crude and adjusted logistic regression models, we assessed lack of financial support from others as well as reports of financial hardship separately in relation to experiencing sexual violence (e.g. by clients, police, relationship partners, in the past 6 months), physical violence (past 6 months), STI diagnosis, and inconsistent condom use (past 30 days). Qualitative interviews (n = 50), conducted with a subsample of the survey participants, were also examined for related themes. FSW who reported no financial support were more likely to report sexual violence (OR = 2.1; 95% CI:1.1–4.2). FSW who reported financial hardship were more likely to experience sexual violence (OR = 1.9; 95% CI:1.1–3.6) and physical violence (OR = 1.9; 95% CI:1.1–3.6), as well as to report past 30-day inconsistent condom use (OR = 2.4; 95%CI: 1.3–4.6) and to test positive for an STI (OR = 1.9; 95% CI:1.1–3.4). Qualitative data substantiated these findings. Findings suggest that interventions to improve economic well-being may be useful to prevent the intersecting concerns of violence and HIV among FSW.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic vulnerability, violence, and sexual risk factors for HIV among female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico

et al. 2022

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“…[30] This observation could be explained by the fact that younger FSWs are deemed more "attractive," and thus more likely to attract more clients, increasing the likelihood of infection by different variants. [31][32][33] This is exacerbated further by gender power dynamics, which may contribute to younger women being less likely to negotiate condom use. We also found a statistically significant inverse relationship between CD4 + T cell count and HIVDRM (P = .001), which was also associated with tropism in the same samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HIVDRM were found in 36% of the subjects (n = 23). The overall median age was 36 years (IQR, 30-40), with subjects with HIVDRM being on average 8 years younger 30 years (IQR, [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36], when compared to those without HIVDRM 38 years (IQR, 34-44; P = .001) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Demographic Clinical and Virological Characteristics Of 64 T...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Age and CD4+ T cell counts are inversely associated with HIV drug resistance mutations in treatment naive female sex workers

Mulinge,

Oluoch,

Abisi

et al. 2023

Medicine

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The increasing prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance mutations (HIVDRM) in untreated seropositive persons has consequences for future treatment options. This is extremely important in key populations such as female sex workers (FSWs), where the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) and associated risk factors are unknown. In this study, we analyzed PDR and associated risk factors in recently diagnosed and treatment-naive FSWs in Nairobi, Kenya. In this cross-sectional study, we used 64 HIV-seropositive plasma samples collected from FSWs between November 2020 and April 2021. To identify HIVDRM, the pol gene was amplified and genotyped using sanger sequencing. The effects of age, tropism, CD4+ T cell count, subtype, and location on HIVDRM counts were examined using Poisson regression. Overall, the prevalence of PDR was 35.9% (95% CI: 24.3–48.9), which was strongly influenced by K103N and M184V mutations, which confer resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), respectively. Subtype A1 was predominant followed by subtype D with a notable increase in inter-subtype recombinants. We found statistically significant evidence that age was inversely related to HIVDRM. A FSW who is 1 year older had 12% less HIVDRM (incidence rate ratios [IRR]: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.82–0.95; P < .001), after adjusting for CD4+ T cell count, subtype, location, and tropism. Similarly, an increase in CD4+ T cell count by 1 unit, was associated with 0.4% fewer HIVDRM (IRR: 0.996; 95% CI: 0.994–0.998; P = .001), while controlling for the other variables. HIV-1 tropism was not associated with HIVDRM counts. In conclusion, our findings show a high prevalence of NNRTIs. Lower CD4+ T cell counts and younger age were significant risk factors that influenced HIVDRM loads. This finding underscores the relevance of targeted interventions and the importance of continuing to focus on FSWs as a way of addressing the HIV epidemic.

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“…This situation of this sub-population in Mali is very characteristic of the conditions for female workers in the informal economy in most low-resource countries, underscored by the absence of legal and social protection, and of safety standards (Jul-Larsen et al, 2006;Keita, 2001;Kumah, 2006). Poverty pushes women living in both urban and rural areas to engage in sex work in IASGM, where they risk further marginalisation and poverty (Buxton, 2013;Yakovleva, 2007;Pinho, Sampaio, Monteiro, Murray & Bastos, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex work among female workers in the traditional mining sector in Mali – results from the ANRS-12339 Sanu Gundo cross-sectional study in 2015

Kounta

Sagaon-Teyssier

Balique

et al. 2019

African Journal of AIDS Research

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HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

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Sex, love and money along the Namibian-Angolan border

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Economic vulnerability, violence, and sexual risk factors for HIV among female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico

Economic vulnerability, violence, and sexual risk factors for HIV among female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico

Age and CD4+ T cell counts are inversely associated with HIV drug resistance mutations in treatment naive female sex workers

Sex work among female workers in the traditional mining sector in Mali – results from the ANRS-12339 Sanu Gundo cross-sectional study in 2015

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