Electrochemical Assay to Detect Influenza Viruses and Measure Drug Susceptibility

Abstract

We have designed an electrochemical assay to rapidly diagnose influenza viruses. Exposure of a glucose bearing substrate to influenza viruses or its enzyme, Neuraminidase (NA) releases glucose, which was detected amperometrically. We used two methods to detect released glucose. First, we used a standard glucose blood meter to detect two viral NAs and three influenza strains. We also demonstrated drug susceptibility of two antivirals, Zanamivir and Oseltamivir, using the assay. Second, we used disposable test strips to detect nineteen H1N1 and H3N2 influenza strains using this assay in 1 hour. The limit and range of detection of this first generation assay is 102 and 102–108 plaque forming units (pfu), respectively. Existing, ubiquitous, user friendly glucose meters can be repurposed to detect influenza viruses.

Label-free Detection of Influenza Viruses using a Reduced Graphene Oxide-based Electrochemical Immunosensor Integrated with a Microfluidic Platform

“…Zhang et al . 9 used a glucose sensor by exploiting the enzyme, neuraminidase (NA), and found the limit (10 2 PFU) and range (10 2 –10 8 PFU in 1 hr) of detection for this first-generation assay. A boron-doped diamond electrode terminated with a sialic acid-mimic peptide was used to detect H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses and the detection range of 20–500 PFU was found 10 .…”

Colorimetric detection of influenza A (H1N1) virus by a peptide-functionalized polydiacetylene (PEP-PDA) nanosensor

“…[1][2][3] A rapid, sensitive detection method for inuenza virus is required for the prevention and effective control of pandemics. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] There are several tests for virus detection, such as serological diagnosis, viral culture, molecular diagnosis, and so on. Antibodies are produced aer the onset of inuenza virus illness and can be detected using serological diagnostic techniques like hemagglutination inhibition assay (HIA), enzyme immunoassay (EIA), complement xation and neutralization tests.…”

Probing Sialidases or Siglecs with Sialic Acid Analogues, Clusters and Precursors

“…Besides the chromophore‐tagged substrates, sialic acid derivatives without chromophores can also be used for sialidase detection (Scheme ). Iyer and co‐workers synthesized a disaccharide composed of sialic acid and glucose for sialidase detection . Once sialidases broke the glycoside to produce free sialic acid and glucose, the sialidases could be detected based on the glucose concentration, which was easily detected using glucose meter.…”