Experimental demonstration of novel imaging geometries for x‐ray fluorescence computed tomography

Fu, Geng; Meng, Ling Jian; Eng, Peter J.; Newville, Matt; Vargas, Phillip; Rivière, Patrick La

doi:10.1118/1.4801907

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The characteristic X-rays are collected by a non-imaging X-ray detector, and, in the absence of significant attenuation, the height or area of the measured characteristic X-ray peak can be directly related to the line integral through the elemental distribution map. The object is then scanned and rotated through the illumination beam in order to acquire a complete sinogram of line integrals in a first-generation tomographic acquisition [8]–[14]. A standard analytic or iterative CT algorithm can then be used for image reconstruction, although in the presence of attenuation, alternative models and methods are needed [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have also carried out a preliminary experimental study to demonstrate the feasibility of XFET with a synchrotron X-ray source [14]. The present paper demonstrates the translation of our approach to the benchtop and discusses methods used for performing spectroscopically accurate single-photon counting in a detector not natively designed for such work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Element Mapping in Organic Samples Utilizing a Benchtop X-Ray Fluorescence Emission Tomography (XFET) System

Gröll

George

Vargas

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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X-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT) is an emerging imaging modality that maps the three-dimensional distribution of elements, generally metals, in ex vivo specimens and potentially in living animals and humans. Building on our previous synchrotron-based work, we experimentally explored the use of a benchtop X-ray fluorescence computed tomography system for mapping trace-metal ions in biological samples. This system utilizes a scanning pencil-beam to stimulate the object and then relies on a detection system, with single or multiple slit apertures placed in front of position-sensitive X-ray detectors, to collect the fluorescence X-rays and to form 3-D elemental map without the need for tomographic imaging reconstruction. The technique was used to generate images of the elemental distributions of a triple-tube phantom and an osmium-stained zebrafish.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Element Mapping in Organic Samples Utilizing a Benchtop X-Ray Fluorescence Emission Tomography (XFET) System

Gröll

George

Vargas

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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“…Note that in a very recent study, Fu et al . used synchrotron radiation and novel imaging geometries to image osmium in zebra fish with L-shell XFCT (Fu et al , 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-shell x-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT) imaging of Cisplatin

Bazalova¹,

Ahmad²,

Pratx³

et al. 2013

Phys. Med. Biol.

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X-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT) imaging has been focused on the detection of K-shell X-rays. The potential utility of L-shell x-ray XFCT is, however, not well studied. Here we report the first Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of preclinical L-shell XFCT imaging of Cisplatin. We built MC models for both L- and K-shell XFCT with different excitation energies (15 and 30 keV for L-shell and 80 keV for K-shell XFCT). Two small-animal sized imaging phantoms of 2-cm and 4-cm diameter containing a series of objects of 0.6 to 2.7 mm in diameter at 0.7 to 16 mm depths with 10 to 250 μg/mL concentrations of Pt are used in the study. Transmitted and scattered x-rays were collected with photon-integrating transmission detector and photon-counting detector arc, respectively. Collected data were rearranged into XFCT and transmission CT sinograms for image reconstruction. XFCT images were reconstructed with filtered back-projection (FBP) and with iterative maximum-likelihood expectation maximization (ML-EM) without and with attenuation correction. While K-shell XFCT was capable of providing accurate measurement of Cisplatin concentration, its sensitivity was 4.4 and 3.0 times lower than that of L-shell XFCT with 15 keV excitation beam for the 2-cm and 4-cm diameter phantom, respectively. With inclusion of excitation and fluorescence beam attenuation correction, we found that L-shell XFCT was capable of providing fairly accurate information of Cisplatin concentration distribution. With a dose of 29 and 58 mGy, clinically relevant Cisplatin Pt concentrations of 10 μg/mg could be imaged with L-shell XFCT inside a 2-cm and 4-cm diameter object, respectively.

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“…However, the image acquisition time was long because it was necessary to rotate the phantoms and translate the detectors to obtain full three-dimensional (3D) images. The research by Meng et al 45 , Fu et al 46 , and Groll et al 47 demonstrated improved images obtained by the pinhole-based system and 2D position-sensitive detectors computationally and experimentally. In these studies, pinhole collimation with a 2D X-ray charge-coupled device (CCD) camera (Model #934N, Andor Technology), which has a detection efficiency of ~30% at 10 keV and ~15% at 15 keV, was used to detect iron, zinc, and bromine solutions, whose energies of K-shell fluorescence X-rays range from 6.4 keV to 13.3 keV.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pinhole X-ray fluorescence imaging of gadolinium and gold nanoparticles using polychromatic X-rays: a Monte Carlo study

Jung

Sung

2017

IJN

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This work aims to develop a Monte Carlo (MC) model for pinhole K-shell X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging of metal nanoparticles using polychromatic X-rays. The MC model consisted of two-dimensional (2D) position-sensitive detectors and fan-beam X-rays used to stimulate the emission of XRF photons from gadolinium (Gd) or gold (Au) nanoparticles. Four cylindrical columns containing different concentrations of nanoparticles ranging from 0.01% to 0.09% by weight (wt%) were placed in a 5 cm diameter cylindrical water phantom. The images of the columns had detectable contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) of 5.7 and 4.3 for 0.01 wt% Gd and for 0.03 wt% Au, respectively. Higher concentrations of nanoparticles yielded higher CNR. For 1×10 11 incident particles, the radiation dose to the phantom was 19.9 mGy for 110 kVp X-rays (Gd imaging) and 26.1 mGy for 140 kVp X-rays (Au imaging). The MC model of a pinhole XRF can acquire direct 2D slice images of the object without image reconstruction. The MC model demonstrated that the pinhole XRF imaging system could be a potential bioimaging modality for nanomedicine.

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Experimental demonstration of novel imaging geometries for x‐ray fluorescence computed tomography

Abstract: The authors have demonstrated the feasibility of these two novel approaches to XFCT imaging. While they use synchrotron radiation in this demonstration, the geometries could readily be translated to laboratory systems based on tube sources.

Cited by 28 publications

References 41 publications

Element Mapping in Organic Samples Utilizing a Benchtop X-Ray Fluorescence Emission Tomography (XFET) System

Element Mapping in Organic Samples Utilizing a Benchtop X-Ray Fluorescence Emission Tomography (XFET) System

L-shell x-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT) imaging of Cisplatin

Pinhole X-ray fluorescence imaging of gadolinium and gold nanoparticles using polychromatic X-rays: a Monte Carlo study

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