The effects of vardenafil and pentoxifylline administration in an animal model of ischemic colitis

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:Vardenafil enhances dilatation of vascular smooth muscle and inhibits platelet aggregation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of vardenafil and pentoxifylline administration in an experimental model of ischemic colitis.METHODS:Forty female Wistar albino rats weighing 250–300 g were randomized into five experimental groups (each with n = 8) as follows:1) a sham group subjected to a sham surgical procedure and administered only tap water; 2) a control group subjected to a standardized surgical procedure to induce ischemic colitis and administered only tap water; 3) and 4) treatment groups subjected to surgical induction of ischemic colitis followed by the postoperative administration of 5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg vardenafil, respectively; and 5) a treatment group subjected to surgical induction of ischemic colitis followed by postoperative administration of pentoxifylline at 50 mg/kg/day per day as a single dose for a 3-day period. All animals were sacrificed at 72 h post-surgery and subjected to relaparotomy. We scored the macroscopically visible damage, measured the ischemic area and scored histopathology to determine the severity of ischemia. Tissue malondialdehyde levels were also quantified.RESULTS:The mean Gomella ischemic areas were 63.3 mm2 in the control group; 3.4 and 9.6 mm2 in the vardenafil 5 and vardenafil 10 groups, respectively; and 3.4 mm2 in the pentoxifylline group (p = 0.0001). The mean malondialdehyde values were 63.7 nmol/g in the control group; 25.3 and 25.6 nmol/g in the vardenafil 5 and vardenafil 10 groups, respectively; and 22.8 nmol/g in the pentoxifylline group (p = 0.0001).CONCLUSION:Our findings indicate that vardenafil and pentoxifylline are effective treatment options in an animal model of ischemic colitis. The positive clinical effects produced by these drugs are likely due to their influence on the hemodynamics associated with vascular smooth muscle and platelet functions.

Surgery-Induced Changes in Erythrocyte and Plasma Lipid Peroxidation, Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants of Female Rats: Protective Role of Heparin and Pentoxifylline

“…In this study, erythrocyte and plasma MDA levels were found to be more important in the control group compared to heparin and sham group. It is observed that this result [7,9,10,12,40] is consistent with the notifications of the researchers. The increase in MDA in the control group is caused by cleavage of lipid-containing structures such as plasma and cell membranes of oxygen radicals by the cells involved in the inflammatory response during the adventitious process [28,43].…”

“…In a study by Atilgan et al [10] MDA levels were found to be higher and more important in the adhesion group than in the control group. In a study carried out by Azine et al [12], it is found that the difference in tissue MDA levels between sham and control groups was statistically significant. When comparing the control group with the pentoxifylline group, it was observed that the MDA level difference was significant.…”

Viability of randomized skin flaps—an experimental study in rats

“…This is probably because of the different mechanisms of action of these drugs. PTX enhances blood cell flexibility, including erythrocytes, favoring blood flow in peripheral vessels, 9,14,17,18 promotes platelet disaggregation, and increases fibrinolysis, contributing to reduced blood viscosity. 10,14,[18][19][20] Perhaps these effects require more time to begin to manifest.…”

“…6,8,9 Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, a methylxanthine derivative [10][11][12][13] whose molecular formula is C 13 H 18 N 4 O 3 , with a molecular weight of 278.31 Da. PTX is a drug with multiple pharmacologic properties, 14 promotes relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, causing vasodilatation and preventing vascular spasm, 15,16 enhances blood cell flexibility, including erythrocytes, favoring blood flow in peripheral vessels, 9,14,17,18 promotes platelet disaggregation, and increases fibrinolysis, contributing to reduced blood viscosity. 10,14,[18][19][20] PTX modulates the immunologic activity by acting on cytokines, suppresses leukocyte hyperactivity by reducing superoxide release and neutrophil adhesion, 17 inhibits the action of integrin and interleukin 2 (IL-2), preventing lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, 21 and reduces the synthesis of IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor a.…”

Influence of pentoxifylline on gene expression of PAG1/ miR-1206/ SNHG14 in ischemic heart disease

“…Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor which has anti-inflammatory properties [ 7 ]. PTX and its metabolites increase the blood fluidity by reducing blood viscosity, inhibiting microvascular construction and blocking erythrocyte [ 8 ]. PTX regulated the inflammatory response with the decreased cellular activation, phagocytosis and endothelium adhesion [ 9 ].…”