The Brazilian scientific community claimed for a definitive systematization and for comprehensive and realistic national rules, to provide guidance and regulation, instead of sanctions, so that the question of scientific research involving animals could be better contemplated. This is beginning to occur now with Law n.º 11.794, sanctioned by the President of the Republic on November 8, 2008. Purpose: To describe the evolution of Brazilian regimentation for scientific use of animals and to analyze Law n.º 11.794. Methods:The legislation about the use of animals in teaching and in scientific research in Brazil and in Rio de Janeiro State was identified and discussed. Results: Until now, there was no updated general and systematizing rule regarding animal vivisection and experimentation for didactic or scientific purposes. The only specific law dates back to1979 and was not regimented. More recent laws equated the practice of scientific experiments to acts of abuse and mistreatment of animals, when alternative technology was available. Municipal laws that restricted the scientific practice of vivisection and experimentation with animals were created in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Florianopolis. Conclusion: With the claim and collaboration of the scientific community, the sanction of Law n.º 11.794 regarding to the scientific use of animals represented an invaluable advance in spite of the presence of some points that eventually may require another type of treatment. The new Law states that it will be regimented within 180 (one-hundred-and-eighty) days, when some of these points could be better elucidated. Key words: Experimentation; Law; Animals; Teaching; Scientific Research. RESUMOA comunidade científica brasileira clamava por uma norma federal abrangente e realista, mais orientadora e reguladora, e menos sancionadora, na qual a questão do uso científico dos animais pudesse ser mais bem contemplada. Isto agora começa a se materializar, com a Lei n.º 11.794, sancionada pelo Presidente da República no dia 8 de novembro de 2008. Objetivo: Relatar a evolução na regulamentação brasileira sobre o uso científico de animais e analisar a Lei n.º 11.794. Métodos: Foi identificada e discutida a evolução na legislação existente no Brasil e em alguns municípios brasileiros acerca da utilização de animais no treinamento e na pesquisa científica, até a sanção da nova Lei. Resultados: Até agora, não existia norma geral sistematizadora atualizada referente à vivissecção e experimentação com animais, nem para fins didáticos, nem científicos. A única lei referente a esse tópico datava de 1979 e não chegou a ser regulamentada. Leis mais recentes equiparavam a prática de experimentos científicos aos atos de abuso e maus tratos de animais, na presença de tecnologia alternativa. Nos municípios do Rio de Janeiro e de Florianópolis foram criadas Leis Municipais que cerceavam a prática científica da vivissecção e da experimentação com animais. Conclusão: A partir do clamor e da colaboração da comunidade científica nacional, a...

No abstract

Further study in this area is warranted, but the findings that pancreas transplants promote the reversal of diabetic neuropathy and stabilization of diabetic retinopathy and that both pancreas and islet transplants lead to the reversal of diabetic nephropathy lend credence to the concept that combined replacement of insulin and C-peptide may more effectively mitigate the inexorable progression of diabetes-related complications.

No abstract

AV clamping causes a significant decrease in the number of glomeruli in the rat model, while AO clamping reduces the glomerular number, but not significantly. To minimize renal injury, AO clamping may be preferred over AV clamping when WI is necessary in patients with previously compromised renal function.

Autogenous splenic implant seems to be the only alternative for preservation of splenic tissue after total splenectomy. This work was carried out to analyze the morphologic regeneration of autotransplanted splenic tissue in Wistar rats and to determine the bacterial phagocytic function of their macrophages. We utilized an experimental model with thirty-two rats, of both sexes, submitted to total splenectomy combined with autotransplantation in greater omentum of slices of the whole spleen mass. The animals were divided into two groups: I--young rats weighing 100 to 150 g; and II--adult rats weighing 250 to 300 g. Sixteen weeks later animals were intravenously inoculated with a suspension of Escherichia coli AB1157. Twenty minutes after inoculation, the animals were sacrificed and the splenic autotransplants were removed for morphological study. There was regeneration of autotransplanted splenic tissue in all animals. A similar morphological aspect among all animals was observed, with splenic tissue showing red and white pulps, lymphoid follicles, and marginal zone, with a moderate architectural disarrangement. Macrophages containing gram-negative bacterial aggregates as well as macrophages with hemosiderin pigments within the cytoplasm were observed. Blood vessels showed preserved walls, with no signs of vasculitis or thrombosis. The present results suggest that autogenous splenic implants in the greater omentum of the rat acquire the macro- and microscopic architecture of a normal spleen, with reduced dimensions, and preserve bacterial phagocyte function.

Our findings suggest that isolated total splenectomy alters lipids metabolism in rats fed with standard chow and splenic autotransplantation is effective in restoring its control.

Our findings suggest that L-glutamine and/or glycine supplementation is beneficial for the repair of the colonic wall of rats, but L-glutamine, with its trophic effects on the colonic mucosa, seems to exhibit better results.