C-Peptide

Marques, Ruy Garcia; Fontaine, Magali J.; Rogers, Jeffrey

doi:10.1097/00006676-200410000-00009

Cited by 75 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Labelling with stable isotopes is proposed as a new tool for in vivo pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies [35]. The importance of C-peptide in the classification of diabetes mellitus, as well as its potential clinical applications, is reviewed on the basis of a Medline literature search [36]. …”

Section: The Fourth Decade 1997–2006mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on observations with pancreas transplants, the combined replacement of insulin and C-peptide in diabetes treatment is deemed beneficial [36]. Two international symposia gather the experts and summarise the state of the art: in 2000, “ Cellular, physiological and clinical effects of C-peptide ” in Detroit, Michigan, and in 2003 “ Physiological and pathophysiological activities of C-peptide.…”

Section: The Fourth Decade 1997–2006mentioning

confidence: 99%

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History and Diagnostic Significance of C-Peptide

Brandenburg

2008

Experimental Diabetes Research

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Starting with the epoch-making discovery of proinsulin, C-peptide has played an important interdisciplinary role, both as part of the single-chain precursor molecule and as an individual entity. In the pioneering years, fundamental systematic experiments unravelled new biochemical mechanisms and chemical structures. After the first detection of C-peptide in human serum, it quickly became a most useful independent indicator of insulin biosynthesis and secretion, finding application in a rapidly growing number of clinical investigations. A prerequisite was the development of specific immuno assays for proinsulin and C-peptide. Further milestones were: the chemical synthesis of several C-peptides and the accomplishments in the synthesis of proinsulin; the detection of preproinsulin with its bearings on understanding protein biosynthesis; the pioneering role of insulin, proinsulin, C-peptide, and mini-C-peptides in the development of recombinant DNA technology; and the discovery of the enzymes for the endoproteolytic processing of proinsulin into insulin and C-peptide, completing the pathway of biosynthesis. Today, C-peptide continues to serve as a special diagnostic tool in Diabetology and related fields. Thus, its passive role is well established. Evidence for its active role in physiology and pathophysiology is more recent and is subject of the following contributions.

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Section: The Fourth Decade 1997–2006mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Fourth Decade 1997–2006mentioning

confidence: 99%

History and Diagnostic Significance of C-Peptide

Brandenburg

2008

Experimental Diabetes Research

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“…In addition, insulin can be measured during OGTT to assess insulin response to glucose load. C-peptide is co-secreted with insulin in equivalent molar concentrations, but has a significantly longer half-life in the body than insulin; 20–30 min versus 3–5 min for insulin [67]. Due to a longer half-life combined with low hepatic retention, c-peptide is considered a more accurate measurement of endogenous insulin secretion than insulin itself [68].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future detection and monitoring of diabetes may entail analysis of both β-cell function and volume: How markers of β-cell loss may assist

et al. 2012

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Disease heterogeneity is as major issue in Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), and this patient inter-variability might not be sufficiently reflected by measurements of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).Β-cell dysfunction and β-cell death are initiating factors in development of T2DM. In fact, β-cells are known vanish prior to the development of T2DM, and autopsy of overt T2DM patients have shown a 60% reduction in β-cell mass.As the decline in β-cell function and mass have been proven to be pathological traits in T2DM, methods for evaluating β-cell loss is becoming of more interest. However, evaluation of β-cell death or loss is currently invasive and unattainable for the vast majority of diabetes patients. Serological markers, reflecting β-cell loss would be advantageous to detect and monitor progression of T2DM. Biomarkers with such capacities could be neo-epitopes of proteins with high β-cell specificity containing post translational modifications. Such tools may segregate T2DM patients into more appropriate treatment groups, based on their β-cell status, which is currently not possible. Presently individuals presenting with adequately elevated levels of both insulin and glucose are classified as T2DM patients, while an important subdivision of those is pending, namely those patients with sufficient β-cell capacity and those without. This may warrant two very different treatment options and patient care paths.Serological biomarkers reflecting β-cell health status may also assist development of new drugs for T2DM and aid physicians in better characterization of individual patients and tailor individual treatments and patient care protocols.

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“…However, recent studies have indicated that C-peptide may have biological functions. 4–8 For instance, Marques et al asserted that C-peptide signal transduction pathways stimulate Na + /K + ATPase pumps and induce nitric oxide synthase. 4 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Plasma C-peptide in Obese African American Adolescents

Williams

Gambhir

Nunlee-Bland

et al. 2011

Journal of the National Medical Association

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Background C-peptide blood levels can indicate whether or not a person is producing insulin and roughly how much. C-peptide is secreted as a byproduct of the biosynthesis of insulin from proinsulin. C-peptide has proposed biological activity and a well-established diagnostic value. The significance of C-peptide concentration in the plasma and urine in the pediatric population needs further delineation. Aim To determine the significance of plasma C-peptide in obese African American adolescents with mild insulin resistance but no evidence of diabetes. Methods This study included 19 African American adolescents with body mass index (BMI) in at least the 85th percentile evaluated with anthropometric measurements, Homeostatic Model Assessment–Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) score, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and 24-hour urine collections. The study also included an age-matched control group of 15 healthy African American adolescent controls and were not subjected for OGTT. The correlation among BMI, fasting plasma C-peptide concentrations, and 24-hour–urine C-peptide concentrations was calculated. t Tests were conducted to compare plasma C-peptide and 24-hour–urine C-peptide concentrations for the test group and controls. Results Mean HOMA score (3.96 ± 1.84) signified mild insulin resistance among the adolescent test group. The test subjects exhibited adequate glucose tolerance (glucose range, 89.4–122.5 mg/dL) during the OGTT. A significant positive relationship was observed between BMI and fasting plasma C-peptide concentration in the control group (r = 0.537) but not the test group (r = 0.335). An insignificant positive relationship was exhibited between BMI and 24-hour–urine C-peptide concentration in the test group (r = 0.150) and controls (r = 0.254). Conclusions The positive relationship among BMI, plasma C-peptide, and urine C-peptide is worth further evaluation in studies conducting multiple rounds of OGTT with a larger sample of pediatric subjects. The potential diagnostic value of C-peptide may facilitate early detection of insulin resistance in the pediatric population.

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C-Peptide

Cited by 75 publications

References 57 publications

History and Diagnostic Significance of C-Peptide

History and Diagnostic Significance of C-Peptide

Future detection and monitoring of diabetes may entail analysis of both β-cell function and volume: How markers of β-cell loss may assist

Significance of Plasma C-peptide in Obese African American Adolescents

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