Binding faces and names in working memory requires additional attentional resources.

Abstract

In this study we used the dual-task paradigm to investigate the involvement of attention in the binding of verbal and visual information in working memory. A secondary task, backward counting by threes (BCT), was performed during the retention interval of the primary recognition task based on either visual or verbal information or the binding of both. The BCT affected accuracy and response time. Accuracy was affected only in the binding condition; response time was affected only in the isolated information condition. Together these results suggest that storing integrated visual and verbal information requires more attentional resources than storing information received separately. These results are discussed in terms of involvement of the central executive in storing integrated information in working memory.

The formation of novel social category conjunctions in working memory: A possible role for the episodic buffer?

“…In addition, the three-component model (Baddeley & Hitch, 1974;Baddeley, 1986) press). The extent to which binding in these circumstances might particularly load on executive processes is as yet unclear though; few studies have directly explored this question through dual task manipulations, with a mixed picture of findings emerging from those that have done so Elsley & Parmentier, 2009;Karlsen et al, 2010;Godoy & Galera, 2011;Langerock et al, 2014). Thus, further work will be needed to address this broad and important question, but it is certainly possible that some forms of more complex or disparate binding can only be achieved via focused attention and active construction within the episodic buffer.…”

Tasks for assessment of the episodic buffer: A systematic review.

“…The second type was active binding, which would rely on the central executive. This type of binding has been suggested to be involved in the integration of objects and crossmodal (e.g., visual/spatial and verbal) characteristics from the slave systems and LTM (Godoy & Galera, 2011).…”

A conjunção da informação visual e verbal na memória de trabalho demanda mais atenção quando os estímulos são complexos

“…Diversos estudos utilizaram a contagem regressiva de 3 em 3 para estudar a relação do executivo central e do buffer (Allen, Baddeley, & Hitch, 2006;Godoy & Galera, 2011) e demonstraram que ela é uma tarefa robusta para avaliar o envolvimento do executivo central em tarefas de memória de trabalho.…”

“…Da mesma forma, outros estudos mostraram que as informações de sistemas diferentes como visuais e verbais ou verbais e espaciais também podem ser armazenadas de maneira integrada (Godoy & Galera, 2011;Elsley & Parmentier, 2009 Em seus resultados o oposto foi encontrado, tanto a tarefa de memória para conjunção como para característica isolada foram prejudicadas igualmente pela tarefa de busca, indicando que a conjunção visual e espacial não requer recursos extras da atenção.…”

“…Na literatura é bem estabelecido que diferentes características de um objeto podem ser conjugado temporariamente na memória de trabalho para que o participante seja capaz de responder adequadamente a uma tarefa que exija esta integração de informações (Allen et al 2006;Brown & Brockmole, 2010;Wheller & Treisman, 2002;Luck & Vogel, 1997). Por exemplo, Outros estudos buscando compreender o papel da atenção na conjunção de informações verbais e visuais na memória de trabalho também utilizaram a contagem regressiva e obtiveram efeitos no desempenho das tarefas de memória Godoy & Galera, 2011).…”