The Multirole of Modified Natural Gums for Multicomponent Polymers: As Coupling Agents for Polymers Reinforced With Cellulosic Fibers or Compatibilizers for Biodegradable Polymer Blends

Abstract

In this work, the capability to use pine rosin as a biodegradable coupling agent/compatibilizer is studied. To formulate composites, post-consumer polypropylene and discarded agave fibers (as reinforcing agent) are coupled with pine rosin (in pure or maleated form). Besides, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) are compatibilized with maleated pine rosins to prepare biodegradable blends. For the coupling agent role, the pure or maleated rosin (Amberyl M-15A) are compared with a commercial polyolefin coupling agent (Epolene E-43), while for the blends, two maleated rosins (Amberyls M-15A and MP-30) are used as compatibilizers. Dynamic and static mechanical tests show considerable increments in moduli and strength for both types of polymeric materials surpassing the role of the Epolene E-43 for the composite materials (v.g. 45.2 vs 16.5 increment in storage modulus, or 61.5 vs 40.3 for Young's modulus in specific tests). Scanning electron microscopy photographs clearly show the interfacial interaction effect within composites and polymer blends. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy allowed the observation of the aforementioned interactions at bond level. Blends biodegradation performed by composting for 3 months exceeded 76% of weight loss. The multirole of modified natural maleated gums as coupling agents/compatibilizers is demonstrated.