PLA, PBAT, Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs), and Their Blends: Biodegradation, Compatibilization, and Nanoparticle Interactions

Costa, Fernanda Andrade Tigre da; Parra, D.F.; Cardoso, Elizabeth C.L.; Güven, Olgun

doi:10.1007/s10924-023-02899-7

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 208 publications

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“…Researchers have been using biocompatible nanofillers to enhance the properties of the filament and the final printed parts, together with biocompatibility. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were reported to improve the thermal and mechanical properties when dispersed in a PLA matrix [125][126][127][128]. The reason for this is that the CNC acts as a crystallising nucleating agent.…”

Section: Cellulose Polymer Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fused Deposition Modelling of Thermoplastic Polymer Nanocomposites: A Critical Review

Sheikh,

Behdinan

2024

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Fused deposition modelling (FDM) has attracted researchers’ interest in myriads of applications. The enhancement of its part using fillers to print nanocomposites is a cutting-edge domain of research. Industrial acceptance is still a challenge, and researchers are investigating different nanofillers and polymer matrix combinations to investigate FDM-printed nanocomposites. Carbon nanotubes, graphene, and cellulose are heavily studied nanofillers because of their astonishing properties, biocompatibility, and ability to tailor the final performance of the FDM-printed nanocomposite part. This work presents a comprehensive review of polymer nanocomposites based on these nanofillers. Important examples, case studies, and results are discussed and compared to elaborate the understanding of the processing of nanocomposites, filaments, printing, and the characterisation of these nanocomposites. A detailed and exhaustive discussion of the prospective computational models, with challenges and a future road map, is provided, enabling the scientific community to understand these nanocomposites and their FDM processing for wider industrial applications and acceptance.

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Section: Cellulose Polymer Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fused Deposition Modelling of Thermoplastic Polymer Nanocomposites: A Critical Review

Sheikh,

Behdinan

2024

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“…PBAT is one of the most important biodegradable materials, as it shows high thermal stability, low price and good processibility. 35–39 Its mechanical properties are reported to be comparable with those of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), making PBAT capable of partially replacing the nondegradable petroleum-based polyolefins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical recycling of poly(butylene terephthalate) into value-added biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)

Yan,

Huang,

Huan

et al. 2024

Polym. Chem.

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“…The addition of nanoparticles (NPs) is another approach to modify the microstructure and behavior of polymer blends thanks to their high specific surface (high surface area-to-volume ratio, a wide range of possibilities in surface functionalities, different types of morphology, and the ability to form a network). − When present in polymer blends, NPs can act as a reinforcing agent for the continuous or dispersed phase, serving as a barrier against crack propagation; induce the formation of a network structure; impact the crystallization behavior of the continuous or dispersed phase through their nucleating aptitude; alter the compatibility between the two polymer phases if NPs accumulate at the interface; improve the barrier properties, particularly when NPs are highly impermeable to gases or vapors like water, oxygen, or CO 2 , and create tortuous paths for the diffusion of gases. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating the Water Sensitivity of PBAT/TPS Blends through the Incorporation of Lignin-Containing Cellulose Nanofibrils for Application in Biodegradable Films

Aouay,

Magnin,

Lancelon-Pin

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Poly(butylene adipate terephthalate)/thermoplastic starch (PBAT/TPS) blends are a significant family of biodegradable plastics holding more than 10% of the market share with widespread applications such as biodegradable bags and mulching films. However, in commercial PBAT/TPS blends, the TPS content seldom exceeds 20−30 wt % since the TPS phase negatively impacts the mechanical properties of the film and increases the water sensitivity. This increases the cost of the material and reduces its biobased content. To address this limitation, up to 10 wt % lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) with a significant lignin content (around 20 wt %) were added to PBAT/TPS blends using twinscrew extrusion. The mechanical, morphological, rheological, and water sorption properties of the films were then investigated. The incorporation of LCNFs positively influenced both the ultimate strength and tensile modulus, without sacrificing ductility. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed a nodular morphology of TPS, and the inclusion of LCNFs induced an increase in the size of the dispersed TPS nodules, accompanied by a broadening of the size distribution. The addition of LCNFs also resulted in an increase in the melt stiffness of the blend and a substantial reduction in moisture sorption at both normal and high relative humidity levels, markedly contributing to mitigating the water sensitivity of PBAT/TPS blends. As a proof of concept, thin films from PBAT/TPS/LCNF blends were fabricated through blown-film extrusion, confirming that the incorporation of LCNFs did not impact the material processing. The results offer a sustainable, fully biobased alternative to improve the mechanical properties, mitigate water sensitivity in PBAT/TPS blends, and concomitantly increase their biobased content.

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PLA, PBAT, Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs), and Their Blends: Biodegradation, Compatibilization, and Nanoparticle Interactions

Cited by 14 publications

References 208 publications

Fused Deposition Modelling of Thermoplastic Polymer Nanocomposites: A Critical Review

Fused Deposition Modelling of Thermoplastic Polymer Nanocomposites: A Critical Review

Chemical recycling of poly(butylene terephthalate) into value-added biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)

Mitigating the Water Sensitivity of PBAT/TPS Blends through the Incorporation of Lignin-Containing Cellulose Nanofibrils for Application in Biodegradable Films

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