Calcium, amylase, glucose, total protein concentrations, flow rate, pH and buffering capacity of saliva in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate qualitative and quantitative changes in the saliva of individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. METHODS: Salivary samples were collected from 50 individuals divided in two groups: Experimental Group - patients with fixed orthodontic appliances (n=25); and Control Group - subjects with no orthodontic appliances (n=25). Salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, amylase activity, concentrations of total proteins, calcium and glucose were measured in all salivary samples. RESULTS: There was a reduction in salivary pH and buffering capacity and an increase in the concentration of calcium ions in the experimental group (p<0.05); there was also an increase in glucose, amylase and protein concentrations in the saliva of the Experimental Group, but the differences were insignificant. There was insignificant correlation between calcium ion concentration and salivary flow or between buffering capacity and salivary flow. CONCLUSION: The saliva of individuals with fixed orthodontic appliances had lower pH, buffering capacity and calcium concentration than that of individuals without any type of orthodontic appliance. These oral changes are enough to cause tooth demineralization. Patients with orthodontic appliances should adopt additional oral hygiene procedures

Dental Biofilm and Saliva Biochemical Composition Changes in Young Orthodontic Patients

“…These finding were in disagreement with the result of the present study, since an insignificant correlation between both groups studied was found.This variation arises as findings attributed to different methods used to assess and determine levels of these variables. Teixeira et al, [24] reported that, there was a significant decrease in salivary buffering capacity and pH whose may be lead to tooth demineralization in patients using orthodontic appliances that support direct relation between pH and buffering capacity of saliva in decreases and increased risk of caries. These previous findings were parallel to our results and agreement with result of Kanaya et al, [41] results.…”

“…Saliva has an important role in caries development due to many factors such as it participates in the dilution of substances intra oral cavity, mechanical cleaning, post-eruptive maturation, enamel dental remineralization and demineralization, pellicle formation, antimicrobial action and buffering action produced by biofilm and foods [24,25,26,27]. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the changes of microbial environment in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment [28,29,30].…”

Pomegranate juice (Punica granatum) as an ideal mouthrinse for fixed orthodontic patients

“…It has been shown that orthodontic treatment induces changes in the oral environment, with an increase in the bacteria's concentration, and alterations in buffer capacity, pH acidity and salivary flow rate. 2,3 However, little is known about periodontal inflammation that results in diluted blood in saliva as well as the pH of dental plaque. 12 Plaque accumulation and subsequent gingivitis are common in orthodontic patients because of the challenge of controlling oral hygiene with the combination of brackets, bands, wires as well as elastomeric modules and chains present.…”

“…Gingival enlargement inhibits hygiene measures, slows down orthodontic tooth movement and cause aesthetic and functional problems. 2,3 Even without brackets, for many people, especially children, it is difficult to adequately comply with recommended mechanical methods of plaque control and to achieve the necessary level of oral hygiene. Tooth brushing removes up to 50% of plaque biofilm, and is even more effective when used in combination with flossing.…”

“…2,4 Such inadequate home care put these patients at a greater risk of developing gingivitis, which may progress to periodontitis in approximately 20% of patients.Therefore, using mouth rinse is considered helpful. [1][2][3][4] Several requirements for long term use of oral rinse should be followed in orthodontic treatment such as minimal adverse effect towards the properties of brackets and wires 5 as well as elastomeric modules and chains. 6 The force degradation of elastomeric chain was related to water absorption and chemicals, the amount of loss in dry is less than in wet environments and especially in biofresh mouthrinse more than the neutral saliva.…”