Violência entre jovens: dinâmicas sociais e situações de vulnerabilidade

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the social dynamics implied in the life of youngsters, victims of violence, by (re) constructing the day-to-day relations and, therefore, discussing vulnerability situations. It is a descriptive and exploratory study that uses the genogram and the ecomap as instruments for data collection. Interview was carried out with 23 young victims of these events in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Content analysis of the thematic type was adopted. From the social interactions of the surveyed youngsters, we observed the fragility of their relationship networks. Regarding the family environment, evidence shows that most of the youngsters come from families with precarious social and economic background. School education is recognized as a guarantee of social inclusion; however for some, the problems with state education and violence in and out of school collaborate for the decharacterization of the school as a protected and learning space. Learning the social dynamics implied in situations of vulnerability helps to understand this phenomenon and can influence prevention and promotion actions from health services.

Genogram and ecomap: brazilian nursing contributions

“…37 Besides its applicability for research data collection, these instruments were used as a form of approximation between the interviewer and the interviewee. In three papers, 2,16,19 the authors had planned this use already at the start of the research and, in others, 12,24,35 the recognition of these instruments as a form of approximation was a finding present in the research results, although the authors had not expressed this objective in the research. The authors also described these instruments as a therapeutic resource.…”

“…25 "Individually", these instruments were used: with mental health service users; 15 with mothers of premature children; 6,21 mothers of pre-adolescents; 17 patients with traumatic spinal cord injury; 18 children in early childhood; 26 children with nephrotic syndrome; 30 stoma patients; 22 elderly people [33][34] and young victims of violence. 35 With regard to its construction, in seven papers, the genogram and ecomap were elaborated based on an individual interview; 6,[17][18]21,23,33,35 in 17 during group meetings; [2][3][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][19][20][28][29]32,34 and, in three, 22,24,30 both individual and group interviews were used. In seven papers, 7,25-27,31,36-37 the authors did not mention how the instruments were constructed.…”

“…Among the papers selected, in 19, the interviews were held at home, 3,6,8,10,12,[17][18][19]21,24,[26][27][28][29][32][33][34][35][36] in five at the health service 9,13,15,20,23 and, in six, both at home and at the health service. 2,11,16,22,25,30 In four papers, the place where the interviews were held was not mentioned.…”

“…The techniques used in the construction of the genogram and ecomap were mentioned in 22 papers, [2][3]6,[8][9][12][13][14][15][16][20][21][22][24][25][29][30][32][33][34][35][36] as follows: participation of the family members, use of materials, such as markers and color codes by the children, and the moments when the instruments were elaborated (first or second meeting) were described in some papers. In 12 papers, the construction process was not referred to.…”

“…In 12 papers, the construction process was not referred to. 7,[10][11][17][18][19]23,[26][27][28]31,37 The difficulties and facilities related to the use of the genogram and ecomap were described in 14 papers, 2,8,12,[15][16]19,[21][22]24,27,29,33,35,37 while the authors of the other 20 studies did not mention these aspects. Table 1 displays a summary of the papers included in the review, according to the characteristics of the authors, publication year, objectives, facilities and difficulties in the use of these instruments.…”