Determination of the maximum inhibitory dilution of cetylpyridinium chloride-based mouthwashes against staphylococcus aureus: an in vitro study

Watanabe, Evandro; Guerreiro-Tanomaru, Juliane Maria; Nascimento, Andresa Piacezzi; Matoba-Júnior, Fumio; Tanomaru-Filho, Mário; Ito, Izabel Yoko

doi:10.1590/s1678-77572008000400009

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Moreover, the MIC values for cetylpyridinium chloride (0.05%) mouthwash suggest that it has high activity against S. aureus . This is in agreement with previously published work on cetylpyridinium chloride products [27]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Antimicrobial Activity of Common Mouthwash Solutions on Multidrug-Resistance Bacterial Biofilms

et al. 2013

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BackgroundPeriodontal bacteria occur in both planktonic and biofilm forms. While poor oral hygiene leads to accumulation of bacteria, reducing these microbes is the first step toward good oral hygiene. This is usually achieved through the use of mouthwash solutions. However, the exact antibacterial activity of mouthwash solution, especially when bacteria form biofilms, is yet to be determined. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of common mouthwash solutions against standard bacteria in their planktonic and biofilm states.MethodsStandard bacterial strains were cultured, and biofilm were formrd. Thereafter, using standard method for determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values of various mouthwash solutions were determined.ResultsResults show that common mouthwash solutions have variable antibacterial activity depending on their major active components. Only mouthwash solutions containing chlorohexidine gluconate or cetylpyridinum chloride exhibited activity against majority, but not all tested bacterial strains in their biofilm state. Additionally, bacteria are generally less susceptible to all mouthwash solutions in their biofilm as compared to planktonic state.ConclusionsWhile mouthwash solutions have variable antibacterial activity, bacteria in their biofilm state pose a challenge to dental hygiene/care where bacteria become not susceptible to majority of available mouthwash solutions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Antimicrobial Activity of Common Mouthwash Solutions on Multidrug-Resistance Bacterial Biofilms

et al. 2013

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“…This study demonstrated a synergistic antimicrobial effect between Malva and CPC. [136] The antimicrobial effects of ethanolic extracts obtained from M. sylvestris stems was assessed against methicillinresistant S. aureus using planktonic growth and biofilm formation/adherence tests. The biofilm formation assay indicated that ethanolic stem extracts had moderate activity against S. aureus (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values Յ 32 mg/ml) with limited bacteriostatic effects in planktonic growth tests.…”

Section: Pharmacological Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute and chronic inflammation models induced in rats by carrageenan and formalin Significant anti-inflammatory activity -optimum inhibition at 100 mg/kg body weight (60% inhibition) [5] Antimicrobial Commercial mouthwashes based on cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and mallow combination Maximum inhibitory dilution test against 28 Staphylococcus aureus field strains CPC+ mallow association inhibited the growth of all 28 S. aureus strains using 1/320 dilution against 1/160 dilution of CPC control [136] Ethanolic extract (stems) Minimal inhibitory concentration test and modified microtitre dish system (biofilm formation and adherence test)…”

Section: Anticancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnobotanical and scientific aspects of Malva sylvestris L.: a millennial herbal medicine

Gasparetto

Martins

Hayashi

et al. 2011

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

162

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Objectives Malva sylvestris L., known as common mallow, is native to Europe, North Africa and Asia. In the Mediterranean region, this species has a long history of use as food, and due to its therapeutic relevance, some parts of this plant have been employed in traditional and ethnoveterinary medicines. The leaves in particular have been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-complementary, anticancer and skin tissue integrity activity. Additionally, an anti-ulcerogenic effect was recently proven, demonstrating that the aqueous extract was more effective than cimetidine, a potent medicine used to treat gastric ulcers. Due to its wide use and medicinal importance, many studies have been conducted; however, the information in the literature is very extensive and disseminated, making it difficult to use. Key findings A complete review involving the ethnobotanical and scientific aspects of M. sylvestris has been made. The research has provided evidence that M. sylvestris has potential use as a medicinal plant and has highlighted a need for more studies involving clinical and toxicological aspects of its use. Summary This review can contribute to the field with its historical context, and by describing the progress made, new ideas for researchers can arise.

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“…Binding to negatively charged bacterial surfaces is facilitated by the positive charge of CPC molecules. When used in concentrations of 0.0-0.1 %, CPC is considered to be a safe antimicrobial agent for preventing biofilm formation and gingivitis according to the US Food and Drug Administration Plaque Subcommittee (Watanabe et al, 2008), and shows broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity (Sreenivasan et al, 2013). Thus, CPC might also represent a promising antibacterial agent for the treatment of chronic wounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cetylpyridinium chloride and miramistin as antiseptic substances in chronic wound management – prospects and limitations

Fromm‐Dornieden

Rembe

Schäfer

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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The antimicrobial activity of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and miramistin (MST) solutions at different concentrations (5¾10 "5 to 0.4 %) and a dressing, containing 0.15 % CPC, were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli after 30 (solutions) and 60 min (fleece) incubation, respectively. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effects of CPC and MST were examined in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and murine fibroblast (L929) cell lines. A dose of 3¾10 "3 % CPC or MST was sufficient to entirely eradicate S. aureus after 30 min incubation. To achieve the same effect, higher concentrations were required against E. coli (0.025 % CPC; 0.0125 % MST) and P. aeruginosa (0.5 % CPC; 0.05 % MST). The CPC-fleece showed a high antiseptic effect against all three bacterial strains, although it did not completely eliminate P. aeruginosa. Both substances showed a high cytotoxic impact at higher tested concentrations (CPC .3¾10 "3 %; MST .8¾10 "4 %). CPC showed high antimicrobial potency at low concentrations against S. aureus, accompanied by low cytotoxic (side) effects at these concentrations, whilst the required minimal concentration to eradicate E. coli and P. aeruginosa was shown to be cytotoxic for keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The necessary antibacterial amounts of MST were lower, but also cytotoxic in direct contact with typical human wound cells. With regard to demographic changes and increasing bacterial resistance, new effective antiseptics, such as CPC and MST, incorporated in wound dressings without releasing an active substance could help to improve the treatment and healing rates of chronic wounds.

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Determination of the maximum inhibitory dilution of cetylpyridinium chloride-based mouthwashes against staphylococcus aureus: an in vitro study

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

Antimicrobial Activity of Common Mouthwash Solutions on Multidrug-Resistance Bacterial Biofilms

Antimicrobial Activity of Common Mouthwash Solutions on Multidrug-Resistance Bacterial Biofilms

Ethnobotanical and scientific aspects of Malva sylvestris L.: a millennial herbal medicine

Cetylpyridinium chloride and miramistin as antiseptic substances in chronic wound management – prospects and limitations

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