Central giant cell granuloma of the jaws and giant cell tumor of long bones: an immunohistochemical comparative study

Abstract

bjective: This study investigated whether some components of the extracellular matrix and CD68 expression may drive the differences between the central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws and giant cell tumor (GCT) of long bones, which present distinct evolution and clinical behavior. Material and Methods: Eight cases of CGCG and 7 cases of GCT were selected and immunohistochemically analyzed to verify the pattern of expression of CD68, tenascin (Tn) and fibronectin (Fn). Results: A large number of the mononuclear cells and multinucleated giant cells CD68+ was observed in both of the studied lesions, indicating histiocyte/ macrophage origin. Seven cases of CGCG of the jaws showed intense staining of Fn, with uniform distribution predominantly. In all 7 cases of GCT of long bones the Fn displayed intense expression, with distribution pattern varying from uniform to reticulate/fibrillar. Six cases of CGCG were intensively stained by Tn, presenting focal expression in half of specimens, and reticulate/ fibrillar pattern of expression in 4 cases. All cases of GCT of the long bones presented intense expression of Tn, uniform distribution, and reticulate/fibrillar pattern of expression in four cases. Conclusions: The immunoexpression of CD68 in mononuclear cells and multinucleated giant cells and staining patterns of Fn and Tn were similar in both entities. These findings indicate that these proteins could not be used to explain the differences between the CGCG of the jaws and GCT of the long bones.

Immunoexpression of MMP-9, VEGF, and vWF in central and peripheral giant cell lesions of the jaws

“…Several studies investigating the phenotype of MGC in CGCL and PGCL have reported consistent immunoreactivity to the anti‐CD68 antibody, suggesting that these cells belong to the macrophage lineage (2, 6, 7, 22, 23). Although CGCL and PGCL share this cellular component of the macrophage lineage, the percentage of CD68‐positive cells was found to be higher in CGCL than in PGCL (2, 6).…”

Increased TNF-alfa, IL-6 and decreased IL-1beta immunohistochemical expression by the stromal spindle-shaped cells in the central giant cell granuloma of the jaws

“…GCTs show neoplastic characteristics (24). They are usually painful and fast growing (5), characterized by an unpredictable biological behavior, local aggressiveness and high recurrence rates (25). The distinction between the GCGs and the GCTs may be controversial, but their histopathological and immunohistochemical similarities seem to reflect a similar pathogenesis, considered to represent a spectrum of the same disease process (22,23).…”

Are cd68 and factor viii-ra expression different in central and peripheral giant cell granuloma of jaw: an immunohistochemical comparative study

“…histologically, CGCG is characterized by multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) in a fibroblastic vascularized background (5,6). Some evidence indicates the histiocyte/macrophage nature of MGCs, while others suggest an osteoclastic phenotype (7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Fibroblasts make up the proliferative component of CGCG because they express proteins related to the cell cycle.…”

“…Fibroblasts make up the proliferative component of CGCG because they express proteins related to the cell cycle. They are also responsible for recruitment and retention of monocytes and subsequent transformation of MGCs (7)(8)(9)(10). Interestingly, there are no reliable markers to predict the prognosis and clinical behavior of CGCG.…”