Effect of shock wave reapplication on urinary n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in canine kidney

Abstract

Objective: Renal tubular damage can be assessed with the aid of urinary dosing of N-acetylbeta-glucosaminidase (NAG) and it is possible to demonstrate a significant correlation between shock wave and damage to renal parenchyma. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of shock wave reapplication over urinary NAG in canine kidney.Materials and Methods: The authors submitted 10 crossbred dogs to 2 applications of 2000 shock waves in a 24-hour interval in order to assess urinary NAG values after 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours.Results: Twelve hours following the first shockwave application there was an increase in NAG of 6.47 ± 5.44 u/g creatinine (p < 0.05). Twelve hours and 24 h following the second application there was no increase in the urinary enzyme, -2.56 ± -7.36 u/g creatinine and 2.89 ± -7.27 u/g creatinine, respectively (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Shock wave reapplication with a 24-hour interval did not cause any increase in urinary NAG.

Effects of repeated extracorporeal shock wave on kidney apoptosis of normal and diabetic rat

“…The changes in technology have led to a four-fold increase in procedural re-admissions within 30 days of primary separation (14). Renal parenchyma damage and the exact time between the first and any repeated ESW treatments is controversial, especially when associated with another prevalent disease such as diabetes (3)(4)(5)(6). In this study, repeated ESW at 14-day intervals did not increase the apoptosis index in the renal parenchyma of normal rats.…”

“…Different conditions in humans (1-3, 9, 13, 14) and experimental animals like rabbits (15), dogs (4, 6, 16), pigs (2, 17) and rats (5, 11) confirm the ESW injury on the renal parenchyma. Some factors can Table 1 produce contradictory results, including the sample size, different equipment with different energy principles, the number of impulses and the focus size (6). The present experimental model with a small animal such as a rat would show a proportionally larger area of the renal parenchyma affected by the shock wave in comparison to humans; however, a proportional dose of energy for lithotripsy (2,000 ESW) as used in humans was used.…”

“…The present experimental model with a small animal such as a rat would show a proportionally larger area of the renal parenchyma affected by the shock wave in comparison to humans; however, a proportional dose of energy for lithotripsy (2,000 ESW) as used in humans was used. The area affected by the shock wave in the kidney, referred to as the focal point, was 11 x 9 mm with the lithotriptor employed, corresponding to approximately 10% of the renal tissue exposed in human kidneys, and almost the entire parenchyma in rats (6). Diabetes is a disease that promotes morphological and biochemical changes (7,8) that worsen renal parenchyma conditions and induce etiologic impairment in the follow-up of urolithiasis treatment (18).…”

“…There is no consensus about the interval times between treatments or the predictive grade of renal parenchyma injury (3)(4)(5)(6). Despite the current use of ESWL, there is a lack of definitive knowledge about injury caused by re-treatment within a short time Investigative Urology period, and so the treatment was performed in an empirical way (3)(4)(5)(6).…”

Determination of urinary N-acetyl-β-D glucosaminidase (NAG) levels in experimental blunt renal trauma

“…Travma grubunda sol böbrek eksplore edildikten sonra 20 gr ağırlık böbrek üzerine düşürüldü. İşlem öncesi, iş-lem sonrası 0-6., 12-24., [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. ve 36-48. saatler arasında strip ile idrar tetkiki, idrar NAG ve kreatinin (Cr) düzeyle-ri için örnekler alındı.…”