HPV vaccination is fundamental for reducing or erradicate penile cancer | Opinion: NO

Ornellas, Paulo; Ornellas, Antônio Augusto

doi:10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2018.05.03

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, similar to what was observed in our study, in a study conducted in Northern Brazil (state of Amazonas), no differences were observed between the survival curves of PC patients with p16 INK4a overexpression (log-rank p = 0.753) or molecular HPV positivity (log-rank p = 0.979) [ 73 ]. According to Ornellas & Ornellas (2018), it is uncertain whether PCs involving HPV infection have better survival profiles than those without HPV infection [ 74 ]. Our data and those published in Amazonas suggest a different impact of p16 INK4a overexpression in PC patients from these Brazilian regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Ornellas & Ornellas (2018), when PC is considered globally, only a tiny proportion is described as HPV-associated. Therefore, increased men's education and prevention strategies such as condom use, hygienic measures, smoking cessation, and avoidance of chronic inflammatory states can considerably impact the pathogenesis of precancerous lesions of the penis [ 74 ]. In Maranhão, where a significant number of PCs appear to be HPV-associated and most patients are socioeconomically vulnerable, both HPV immunization and patient education could impact disease rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comprehensive analysis of penile cancer in the region with the highest worldwide incidence reveals new insights into the disease

et al. 2022

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Background Although penile cancer (PC) is uncommon in developed countries, it is widespread in developing countries. The state of Maranhão (Northeast, Brazil) has the highest global incidence recorded for PC, and, despite its socioeconomic vulnerability, it has been attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study aimed to determine the histopathological features, the prevalence of HPV infection, and the immunohistochemical profile of PC in Maranhão. Methods A retrospective cohort of 200 PC cases were evaluated. HPV detection was performed using nested-PCR followed by direct sequencing for genotyping. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using monoclonal antibodies anti-p16INK4a, p53, and ki-67. Results Our data revealed a delay of 17 months in diagnosis, a high rate of penile amputation (96.5%), and HPV infection (80.5%) in patients from Maranhão (Molecular detection). We demonstrated the high rate of HPV in PC also by histopathological and IHC analysis. Most patients presented koilocytosis (75.5%), which was associated with those reporting more than 10 different sexual partners during their lifetime (p = 0.001). IHC revealed frequent p16INK4a overexpression (26.0%) associated with basaloid (p < 0.001) and high-grade tumors (p = 0.008). Interestingly, p16 appears not to be a better prognostic factor in our disease-free survival analysis, as previously reported. We also demonstrated high ki-67 and p53 expression in a subset of cases, which was related to worse prognostic factors such as high-grade tumors, angiolymphatic and perineural invasion, and lymph node metastasis. We found a significant impact of high ki-67 (p = 0.002, log-rank) and p53 (p = 0.032, log-rank) expression on decreasing patients’ survival, as well as grade, pT, stage, pattern, and depth of invasion (p < 0.05, log-rank). Conclusions Our data reaffirmed the high incidence of HPV infection in PC cases from Maranhão and offer new insights into potential factors that may contribute to the high PC incidence in the region. We highlighted the possible association of HPV with worse clinical prognosis factors, differently from what was observed in other regions. Furthermore, our IHC analysis reinforces p16, ki-67, and p53 expression as important diagnosis and/or prognosis biomarkers, potentially used in the clinical setting in emerging countries such as Brazil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive analysis of penile cancer in the region with the highest worldwide incidence reveals new insights into the disease

et al. 2022

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“…HPV vaccines prevent genital warts, cervical cancer, and most HPV-related cancers, including anogenital cancers [9]. In addition, it reduces the risk of most associated throat and penile cancers [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Effect of Nucleic Acid Vaccines in the Treatment of HPV-Related Cancers: An Overview of Delivery Systems

et al. 2022

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Prophylactic vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) have proven efficacy in those who have not been infected by the virus. However, they do not benefit patients with established tumors. Therefore, the development of therapeutic options for HPV-related malignancies is critical. Third-generation vaccines based on nucleic acids are fast and simple approaches to eliciting adaptive immune responses. However, techniques to boost immunogenicity, reduce degradation, and facilitate their capture by immune cells are frequently required. One option to overcome this constraint is to employ delivery systems that allow selective antigen absorption and help modulate the immune response. This review aimed to discuss the influence of these different systems on the response generated by nucleic acid vaccines. The results indicate that delivery systems based on lipids, polymers, and microorganisms such as yeasts can be used to ensure the stability and transport of nucleic acid vaccines to their respective protein synthesis compartments. Thus, in view of the limitations of nucleic acid-based vaccines, it is important to consider the type of delivery system to be used—due to its impact on the immune response and desired final effect.

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“…Voris et al noted that “it is recommended vaccination of adolescents (boys and girls) with 11-12 years old, or before the beginning of sexual life (preferably) (1) whereas Ornellas et al noted that “the male public HPV vaccination is a good measure to prevent not just cervical cancer but some head and neck cancers, some penile warts and the majority of anal cancers. However, it is not clear if it will be enough to eradicate or reduce the prevalence of penile cancer (2). In fact, there are many considerations before the implementation of any new cancer vaccines.…”

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confidence: 99%

Re: HPV vaccination for penile cancer eradication: cost effectiveness view

Joob¹,

Wiwanitkti

2019

Int. braz j urol.

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HPV vaccination is fundamental for reducing or erradicate penile cancer | Opinion: NO

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

A comprehensive analysis of penile cancer in the region with the highest worldwide incidence reveals new insights into the disease

A comprehensive analysis of penile cancer in the region with the highest worldwide incidence reveals new insights into the disease

Enhancing the Effect of Nucleic Acid Vaccines in the Treatment of HPV-Related Cancers: An Overview of Delivery Systems

Re: HPV vaccination for penile cancer eradication: cost effectiveness view

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