Hazards in non-pasteurized milk on retail sale in Brazil: prevalence of Salmonella spp, Listeria monocytogenes and chemical residues

Abstract

Fluctuations in the Brazilian milk market force small milk producers to find temporary trade alternatives, which include selling raw milk to people who prefer this type of milk rather than heat-processed milk. Considering the importance of these small milk producers to the market and the well-known health risks associated to consumption of raw milk, this study evaluated the microbiological quality and the presence of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., chlorine, antimicrobials and insecticides (organophosphates and carbamates) in raw milk produced in 210 small and medium farms located in four important milk-producing Brazilian states (Paraná, São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul). In 66% of the selected farms the milking was manual. In 33% of them, the milking was semi-automatic, and only 1% were equipped with fully automatic milking systems. All raw milk samples were negative for L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp and chlorine. Mesophilic aerobes counts were higher than 10 5 CFU/ml in 75.7% of the samples. In 80.4%, coliforms were over 10 2 CFU/ml. Escherichia coli was detected in 36.8% of the samples. Insecticides and antimicrobial residues were observed in 74.4% and 11.5% of the samples, respectively. The presence of unacceptable levels of hygiene indicators, insecticides and antimicrobial residues were considered more important risk factors than the two pathogens.

Retail Survey of Brazilian Milk and Minas Frescal Cheese and a Contaminated Dairy Plant To Establish Prevalence, Relatedness, and Sources of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates

“…In contrast, Casarotti et al (7) did not find any species of Listeria in 20 samples each of raw milk, pasteurized milk, or MFC from retail establishments (REs) in Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Likewise, Nero et al (33) did not recover L. monocytogenes from single raw milk samples from each of 210 small-to medium-sized dairy farms located in five states representing the three main milk-producing regions in Brazil. Several factors, such as the laboratory procedures performed, including their sensitivity and specificity, and the nature and number of samples tested, could, at least in part, explain the differences in the prevalence of L. monocytogenes among these various studies.…”

The influence of the climatology of the semi-arid from Alagoas-Brazil on the raw milk microbiota

“…There is no specific regulation in Brazil on the microbiological quality of raw milk for the manufacture of specific dairy products (Pinto, 2006), the trade of this product represents an important alternative, because of there is an established demand for unpasteurized raw milk in Brazil, despite the illegality (Nero et al, 2004). Data about the Foodborne Diseases (FD) caused by raw milk consumption are inconsistent and little information is available on the occurrence of pathogens in the Brazilian raw milk (Nero et al, 2004).…”

“…Data about the Foodborne Diseases (FD) caused by raw milk consumption are inconsistent and little information is available on the occurrence of pathogens in the Brazilian raw milk (Nero et al, 2004). When referring to productive factors biometeorology is the science that deals with the effects of environmental stress that limit a great animal production and environmental management strategies to reduce stress and enhance the production (productive and reproductive performance) and health (Baccari Júnior, 1998 Tanque D'arca 01 01 01 01 01 -04 Mar Vermelho 01 01 01 01 01 -04 Girau do Ponciano 01 01 01 01 01 01 05 Traipu 1 03 03 03 03 03 03 15 Olho D'água Grande 01 01 01 01 01 01 05 Igreja Nova 1 03 03 03 03 03 03 15 Porto Real do Colégio 02 02 02 02 02 02 10 The bovine herd is submitted to adverse conditions at the north-east of Brazil (Santos, 2009).…”

Consumer profile and problems associated with uninspected raw milk consumption in western Paraná

“…Therefore, milk may be a vehicle for zoonotic pathogens, such as Brucella abortus, enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus, Listeria monocytogenes (GUIMARÃES; LANGONI, 2009;CALLEFE;LANGONI, 2015) and tuberculosis, residues of veterinary drugs (BERSOT et al, 2010;COSTA;LOBATO, 2009;FOLLY;MACHADO, 2001;NERO et al, 2004;VIEIRA et al, 2012;VILLA;PINTO, 2008), and may be frauded by addition of water and reconstituants (BERSOT et al, 2010;VILLA;PINTO, 2008;SOVINSKI et al, 2014). Besides, unsafe, the lack of quality control management and hygiene inspection make uninspected raw milk a low quality and inadequate product that poses biological, chemical, and financial hazards to the consumers.…”